Digestive System Vocab
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| 1. Ingestion | to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption
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| 2. Digestion | the bodily process of breaking down food chemically and mechanically
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| 3. Absorption | passage of a substance into or across a blood vessel or membrane
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| 4. Defecation/Elimination | the elimination of the contents of the bowels (feces)
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| 5. Mechanical Digestion/Mastication | the act of chewing
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| 6. Esophagus | the muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach; the gullet
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| 7. Incisor | a tooth adapted for cutting or gnawing, located at the front of the mouth along the apex of the dental arch
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| 8. Bicuspid | a tooth having two points
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| 9. Molar | a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food, located behind the premolars
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| 10. Canines | one of the pointed conical teeth located between the incisors and the first bicuspids
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| 11. Gingiva | the gums
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| 12. Dentin | the calcified tissue forming the major part of a tooth; deep to the enamel
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| 13. Pulp | the soft innermost part of a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels
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| 14. Crown | the part of a tooth that is covered by enamel and projects beyond the gum line
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| 15. Neck | the part of a tooth between the crown and the root
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| 16. Root | the embedded portion of a tooth
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| 17. Saliva | the secretion of salivary glands ducted into the mouth
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| 18. Bolus | a rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing
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| 19. Pharynx | the muscular tube extending from the posterior of the nasal cavities to the esophagus
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| 20. Peristalsis | the waves of contraction seen in tube-like organs; propels substances along the tract
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| 21. Chyme | the semifluid stomach contents consisting of partially digested food and gastric secretions
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| 22. Pyloric sphincter | a ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum
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| 23. Pepsin | an enzyme capable of digesting proteins in an acid pH
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| 24. Gastrin | a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially hydrochloric acid release
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| 25. Hepatocytes | a parenchymal cell of the liver
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| 26. Bile | a greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine
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| 27. Lipase | any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acids
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| 28. Amylase | any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva, pancreatic juice, and parts of plants and catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives
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| 29. Duodenum | the first part of the small intestine
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| 30. Jejunum | the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum
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| 31. Colon | the part of the large intestine between the caecum and the rectum
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| 32. Ileum | the terminal part of the small intestine; between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine
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| 33. Villi | finger like projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption
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| 34. Gastric | of, relating to, or associated with the stomach
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| 35. Insulin | the hypoglycemic hormone produced in the pancreas affecting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood glucose levels and other systemic processes
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| 36. Trypsin | a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to form smaller polypeptide units
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