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VetMed FAMS1
VetMed FAMS Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pododermatitis circumscripta Rusterholz ulcer | Sole ulcer |
| Pododermatitis aspetica diffusa | Laminitis |
| Dermatitis digitalis | Hairy Heel Wart |
| Interdigital phlegmon | Foot Rot |
| Dermatitis interdigitalis Stable foot rot | Interdigital Dermatitis |
| Hyperplasia interdigitalis Interdigital fibroma | Corns |
| Ungulae deformans | Overgrown Hooves |
| Fissura ungulae Thimbles | Horizontal Wall Crack |
| Fissura ungulae Sand crack | Vertical Wall Crack |
| Underrun heel Slurry heel | Heel Horn Erosion |
| Normal rectal temp for Adult cow | 100.5-102.5F |
| Normal rectal temp for Calf | 101-103F |
| Normal HR for Adult cow | 48-84bpm |
| Normal HR for Calf | 70-100bpm |
| Normal RR for Adult cow | 15-45bpm |
| Dental Arcade: 18mos | 1st permanent incisors |
| Dental Arcade: 2.5 yrs | 2nd permanent incisors |
| Dental Arcade: 3 yrs | 3rd permanent incisors |
| Dental Arcade: 4 yrs | 4th permanent incisors |
| aseptic necrosis and granulation of horn at sole-bulb junction, usually on lateral claws of hind feet | Sole Ulcer |
| supplement used to help prevent/correct dietary subclinical acidosis that often leads to laminitis | biotin (20mg SID) |
| often a sequelae to Chronic Laminitis | White Line Disease |
| condition secondary to interdigital dermatitis that can form a heel horn flap that develops into a "false sole" | Heel Horn Erosion |
| digital lesion caused by spirochetes (Treponema denticola) | Hairy Heel Wart |
| most common cause of lameness in Dairy | Hairy Heel Wart |
| extremely painful digital lesion usually found on the plantar surface of hind feet either ulcerative or proliferative | Hairy Heel Wart |
| interdigital cellulitis and deep tissue invasion by nonmotile, anaerobic gram-negative bacteria | Foot Rot |
| bacterial agents of Foot Rot | Fusobacterium necrophorum Bacteroides melaninogenicus |
| rapid onset of severe lameness swelling, erythema between and above digit Beef yearling | Foot Rot |
| most common cause of lameness in Beef | Foot Rot |
| Treatment for Foot Rot | oxytetracycline procaine penicillin G ceftiofur amoxicillin trihydrate florfenicol |
| superficial inflammation and fissures in digital skin between heel bulbs that is very painful and odorous | Interdigital Dermtitis |
| chronic irritation between digits of older cows that may cause lameness | Corns |
| "rocker" or "slipper" claws | Overgrown Hooves |
| hoof wall rolls under solar surface, usually on lateral claws of hind feet and medial claws of fore feet | Corkscrew Claws |
| Treatment for Septic Arthritis of Distal Interphalangeal Joint | digit amputation through P2 digit salvage through facilitated ankylosis |
| swollen from foot caudodorsally to fetlock DDF breakdown history of cellulitis, septic arthritis | Septic Tenosynovitis |
| Normal pH of Rumen | 6.0-6.8 |
| prominent gram-positive bacteria in acute acidosis | Lactobacillus spp. |
| increased incidence of lameness in dairy herd milk has had lower fat concentration check blood pH = Normal | Subacute Acidosis (SARA) --> rumenocentesis to Dx (pH<5.5) |
| What is Poloxalene used for? | To treat primary ruminal tympany ("frothy bloat") |
| Treatment of Primary Ruminal Tympany or "frothy bloat" | Poloxalene Mineral oil Abx PO Do NOT aspirate |
| Most common cause of acute transient off-feed cows | Simple Indigestion |
| anorexia for hay and grain large L-shaped rumen papple-shaped abdomen decreased fecal output small, fluid-filled abomasum | Failure of Omasal Transport (TRP) |
| anorexia for hay and grain large L-shaped rumen papple-shaped abdomen decreased fecal output and scant, watery feces absence of reticular contractions ingesta-filled, pasty abomasum | Functional Pyloric Stenosis (TRP) |
| Type 1 Ulcer | non-perforating minimal intraluminal hemorrhage |
| Type 2 Ulcer | non-perforating severe blood loss (erodes over major vessel) |
| Type 3 Ulcer | perforating local peritonitis |
| Type 4 Ulcer | perforating diffuse peritonitis |
| Treatment for Ulcers in Beef Calves | increase suckling frequency to q3h antacids - Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 histamine type-2 antagonists - ramitidine, ometidine proton-pump inhibitors - omeprazole |
| Most common cause of SI obstruction in cattle, esp. bulls | Intussusception |
| Form of Intestinal Volvulus that does NOT recur and has a good prognosis | Intestinal Volvulus @ jejuno-ileal junction |
| Form of Intestinal Volvulus that CAN recur and has a poor prognosis | Intestinal Volvulus @ root of mesentery |
| SI luminal obstruction sequela to C. perfringens A causing blood clots in jejunum seen in high producing dairy cows such as Brown Swiss | Hemorrhagic Jejunitis "Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome" |
| Treatment for Hemorrhagic Jejunitis | Procaine Penicillin G ASAP Decrease availability of soluble CHO |
| Causes of Cecocolic Dilation | xylazine hypocalcemia digesta pH decrease sympathetic activation (abdominal pain) |
| cow presents for being off feed, low fecal output, ADR right paralumbar fossa "ping" caudal to 10th rib palpate distended large viscous cecum | Cecocolic Dilation |
| cow presents for being off feed, no observed defecation, ADR tachycardic, "ping" caudal to 10th rib palpated distended large bowel and cecum acid/base, e- normal | Cecocolic Volvulus |
| Treatment for Cecocolic Volvulus | Sx - typhlotomy pre-op NSAIDs |
| Signalment for Atresia Coli | Holsteins |
| Infectious Agent of Johne's Disease | Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis |
| Susceptibility of M. avium paratuberculosis | acidic conditions (pH<6) high salinity |
| Anatomical Predisposition of M. avium paratuberculosis in cattle | ileum and cecum |
| Pathognomonic Clinical Sign for Johne's Disease | chronic profuse watery diarrhea |
| Infectious Agent of "Wooden Tongue" | Actinobacillus lignieresii (G- coccobacillus) |
| Infectious Agent of "Lumpy Jaw" | Actinomycosis bovis (G+ rod) |
| Treatment for "Wooden Tongue" | systemic oxytetracycline sodium iodine IV (compound yourself) |
| Treatment for "Lumpy Jaw" | procaine penicillin G sodium iodine IV |
| Location of Anesthetic Block for Dehorning | cornual branch of lacrimal nerve (halfway b/w horn and eye) |
| Toxic dose of Lidocaine | calf: 6 mg/kg adult: 13 mg/kg |
| Most humane dehorning procedure | electrocautery + local block + Barnes dehorner |
| Correct location to enter abdomen for Surgery | at 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock (head is @12, tail @6) |
| Nonsurgical methods of Castration | elastrator band Burdizzo (emasculatome) chemical |
| Surgical methods of Castration | emasculator Newberry knife |
| Nerves blocked with a Paravertebral block | T13, L1, L2 |
| Locations of lidocaine injections for distal paravertebral block | tips of transverse processes of L1, L2, L4 |
| Locations of lidocaine injections for proximal paravertebral block | cranial to transverse processes of L1, L2, L3 |
| Classic presentation of cow with LDA | fresh cow acute milk drop ketosis ADR ping on L side b/w 10th and 13th ribs |
| Surgical treatment of LDA with lowest incidence of post-op mortality | Right Flank Pyloric Omentopexy |
| PE of cow with RDA | ping on R side b/w 10th and 13th ribs |
| PE of cow with Abomasal Volvulus | ping on R side extending from 13th rib cranial to 10th rib medially displaced liver |
| Lab findings for cow with DA | metabolic alkalosis hypocalcemia hyponatremia hypochloremia hypokalemia tachycardia elevated ALP if liver injury dT congeston dehydration |
| Changes in Milk Composition with Mastitis | variable fat changes decreased: lactose, casein, Ca, P, K increased: Na, Cl, pH (>6.8), whey proteins |
| Normal pH of Milk | 6.5-6.8 |
| Pathogens that cause Contagious Mastitis | Streptococcus agalactiae Staphylococcus aureus Mycoplasma bovis Corynebacterium bovis |
| Pathogens that cause Environmental Mastitis | Coliforms - E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter Streptococci other than S. agalactiae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens Nocardia spp. |
| causes "blue bag" mastitis | Staphylococcus aureus |
| most prevalent pathogen in prelactional heifers | coagulase-negative staphylococcus - "heifer mastitis" |
| Pathogen that causes contagious "summer mastitis" | Corynebacterium bovis |
| Pathogen that causes environmental "summer mastitis" | Arcanobacterium pyogenes |
| Best method of closing full-thickness teat wounds | 3-layer closer (mucosa, submucosa, skin) |
| smooth, mineralized concretions floating freely in the teat cistern | Lactoliths |
| pedunculated masses protruding into teat cistern and attached to wall by small stalk | Polyp |
| scar tissue in the wall of the teat cistern | Mural plaque (teat spider) |
| Factors that determine Severity of Diarrhea | infective dose virulence of pathogen age of calf immune status |
| 5YO Jersey/Holstein cow that calved 3 days ago history of milk fever given a diet high in calcium sub-norm temp, tachypneic, tachycardic slightly bloated with head turned back to L flank dry muzzle, anorexic, non-responsive | Hypocalcemia or "milk fever" |
| Treatment of hypocalcemia | give IV calcium, monitor, give more calcium PO/IV PRN collect blood and be ready to run if calcium doesn't work |
| Actions of PTH | increases: serum Ca, urine P, skeletal remodeling, production of active Vit D decreases: serum P, urine Ca |
| Actions of Calcitonin | increases: urine P, bone formation decreases: serum Ca, bone resorption, GI absorption |
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