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Chapter 3 anat/phys
Chapter 3 of Intro to Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name three structures that all mammalian cells possess | the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus |
| what types of protein are found in the cell membrane | the cell membrane contains structural and globular proteins. Globular proteins include integral and peripheral proteins |
| what is glycocalyx | the glycocalyx is a "sugar coating" on the outside of the cell; it is made of glycoprotein and glycolipid molecules. similar to the stripes on zebras or the fingerprints on human hands, each glcocalyx is unique. It provides improved cell-to-cell adhesio |
| what are CAMs and what do they do | CAM refers to cell adhesion molecules, which are sticky glycoproteins that cover the surfaces of almost all cells in mammals and allow them to bond to extracelluar molecules and to each other. |
| what are membrane receptors and what do they do | membrane reeptors are integral proteins and glycoproteins that act as binding sites on the cell surface. Some of them play a vital role in cell-to-cell recognition, a process called "contact signaling". |
| how are cilia and flagella different | cilia occur in large numbers on the exposed surface of some cells. they are shorter than flagella and measure only about 10mj long. they nmove synchronously, one after the other creating waves of motion that propel fluid, mucus, and debris across the |
| what are the four principal compontents of cytoplasm | cytosol, cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions |
| what is cytosol and what kind of molecules are found in it | cytosol is the fluid of the cell . it is a viscous, semitransparent liquid composed of dissolved electrolytes, amino acids, and simple sugars. proteins are also suspendedin the cytosol and give it its thick, jellylike consistency |
| what is a cyctoskeleton and what is its function | the cyctoskeleton is a tree-dimensional frame for the cells that is neither rigid nor permanent. it is a flexible, fibrous structure that changes in accordance with the activities of the cell. the cytoskeleton gives support and shape to the cell |
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