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VetMed SAMS3
SAMS Final - Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Causes of Megaesophagus | myasthenia gravis hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's) hypothyroidism lead poisoning polymyositis peripheral neuropathies |
| Most Common Serious Complication of Esophageal Diseases | aspiration pneumonia |
| Most Common Oral Tumor in Dogs | epulides |
| Most Common Oral Tumor in Cats | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Cheiloplasty | removal of mucocutaneous junction at level of P1 or K9 to prevent drooling or tongue hanging out after a total hemimandibulectomy |
| Anatomical Location of Esophagus | cervical / thoracic: L of midline tracheal bifurcation to stomach: R of midline |
| Dietary Indiscretion | too much of a good thing |
| Dietary Intolerance | too much of the wrong thing |
| Dietary Hypersensitivity | a little of the wrong thing |
| Parasitic Cause of Chronic Vomiting | Physaloptera |
| Most Common Gastric Neoplasia in Dogs | adenocarcinoma |
| Most Common Gastric Neoplasia in Cats | lymphoma |
| Three Types of Gastropexy | incisional belt loop circumcostal |
| Rx Cause of Idiosyncratic Hepatocellular Necrosis | carprofen (Rimadyl) |
| Most Consistent Finding in Acute Liver Disease | dramatically increased ALT |
| Lab Values in Chronic Liver Disease | early: dramatically increased ALT late: decreased BUN |
| Tx for Copper-Associated Hepatopathy | low copper diet zinc supplementation ursodiol hepatoprotectants / anti-oxidants +/- prednisolone copper chelators |
| Causes of Rx-Induced Hepatopathy | anticonvulsants: primidone > phenobarbitol glucocorticoids |
| Lab Values for Rx-Induced Hepatopathy | anticonvulsants: dramatically increased ALP; ALT 2-3x glucocorticoids: ALP 100x; ALT 2-4x |
| "Traiditis" | inflammatory liver disease inflammatory bowel disease pancreatitis |
| Most Common Form of Liver Disease in Cats | primary hepatic lipidosis |
| Lab Values of Hepatic Lipidosis | marked increase in ALP near-normal GGT |
| Rx Contra-Indicated for Tx of Giardiasis | albendazole (bone marrow suppression --> neutropenia) |
| Dx of Histoplasmosis | hypoproteinemia in a dog with LI diarrhea |
| Condition that Mimics Addison's Disease | whipworms |
| Indications for SI FB Sx | failure to pass object within 36 hours no movement within 8 hours |
| Abx for Upper SI | 1st generation cephalosporin |
| Abx for Lower SI | 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin |
| Dx FB in SI | SI loops >2x height of body of L2 |
| Most Common Intestinal Neoplasia in Dogs | adenocarcinoma of colon and rectum |
| Most Common Intestinal Neoplasia in Cats | lymphosarcoma of SI |
| Centroacinar Cells | secrete bicarbonate in response to secretin (decreased duodenal pH) |
| Basophilic Cells | secrete digestive enzymes in response to cholecystokinin (protein, fat in duodenum) |
| Zymogens | inactive precursors of digestive enzymes trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen |
| Prevention of Autodigestion | sequestration of proenzymes one-way ducts protease inhibitors |
| Rx-Induced Pancreatitis | chemotherapy rx organophosphates steroids? |
| XDx of Pancreatitis | "ground glass" in right cranial quadrant |
| Patho of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency | Ca: pancreatic acinar atrophy Fe: chronic pancreatitis (inflammation) |
| Dx of EPI | serum TLI |
| Clinical Approach to GI Complaints | verify the problem clarify the problem localize the problem |
| Decreased Cobalamine (B12) in GI | disease in ileum SIBO EPI |
| Decreased Folate (B9) in GI | disease of proximal SI |
| Increased Folate (B9) in GI | SIBO |
| Examples of Grocery Deficiency | insufficient calories unwilling to eat |
| Examples of Grocery Loss | vomiting/diarrhea malabsorption/maldigestion diabetes mellitus |
| Examples of Increased Consumption of Groceries | parasites neoplasia (lymphoma) hyperthyroid (Fe) |
| Examples of Errors in Grocery Distribution | heart failure liver failure kidney failure |
| Most Common Hepatic Neoplasia in Dogs | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Most Common Hepatic Neoplasia in Cats | hepatocellular adenoma hepatocellular cystadenoma |
| Most Common Esophageal Neoplasia in Cats | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Organism Linked to Malignant Esophageal Sarcomas in Dogs | spirocerca lupi |
| Most Common Benign Gastric Neoplasia in Dogs and Cats | polyps (adenomatous, hyperplastic) |
| Malignant Neoplasia in Cats that is Responsive to Chemotherapy | lymphosarcoma |
| Neoplasia of Older Female Dogs that Manifests with Hypercalcemia | anal sac adenocarcinoma |
| C/S of Feline PSS | ptyalism copper-colored irises |
| Criteria for Need to Commence Nutritional Support | recent weight loss (>10% BW) decreased food intake for >3 days increased IER reduced body weight or poor BCS structural abnormalities that impair food intake likely disease progression |
| Examples of Symptomatic Therapy for GI Dz | replacement fluids antiemetics antidiarrheals GI protectants pain relievers |
| Examples of Supportive Therapy for GI Dz | maintenance fluids nutritional support |
| Examples of Specific Therapy for GI Dz | antibiotics/antifungals/antiprotozoals antihelminthics PG analogs antacids immunosuppressive Rx dietary management |
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