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Anth2 Midterm
Vocab words.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cultural relativism | attempting to understand cultures within their contexts |
| emic | capture and practices by what they mean to people of that culture |
| etic | describes and analyzes cultures according to principles and theories drawn from Western scientific tradition |
| ethnocentrism | humans consider their own behavior not only right but natural, superior to others |
| ethnography | boas' form of research, description of society and culture by living and interacting with societies an also having write-ups |
| ethnology | the attempt to find general principles or law that govern cultural phenomena |
| holism | combines the study of culture, biology, language, and history of cultures |
| adaptation | a change in biological structure or lifeways of an individual or population by which it becomes better fitted to survive and reproduce its environment |
| diffusion | the spread of culture elements from one culture to another |
| enculturation | the process of learning to be a member of a culture/group |
| historical particularism | a theoretical position in anthropology associated with American anthropologists of the early 20th century that focuses on providing objective descriptions of cultures within their historical and environmental context |
| norms | shared ideas about the way things ought to be done; rules of behavior that reflect and enforce culture |
| plasticity | ability to change |
| symbol | something that represents something, symbol create meaning |
| values | shared ideas about what is true, right and beautiful |
| culture shock | feelings of helplessness and alienation that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture |
| participant observation | participating in people's lives to collect data |
| agriculture | a form of food production in which fields are in permanent cultivation using plows, animals, and techniques of soil and water control |
| foraging | a food-getting strategy that does not involve food production or domestication of animals (hunting and gathering) |
| horticulture | production of plants using a simple, non-mechanized technology; fields are not used continuously |
| nomadic pastoralism | whole social group and animals move in search of pasture |
| pastoralism | a food-getting strategy that depends on the care of domesticated herd animals |
| peasants | rural cultivators who produce for the subsistence of their households but are also integrated into larger, complex state societies |
| sedentary | settled, living in one place |
| subsistence strategies | ways of transforming the material resources of the environment into food |
| swidden cultivation | (slash and burn) a form of cultivation in which a field is cleared by felling trees and burning the brush |
| transhumant | moving herd animals but only the men take them and women and children stay at home |
| balanced reciprocity | the giving or receiving of goods of nearly equal value with a clear obligation of a return gift within a specified limit |
| cargo system | Central/South America wealthy people are required to hold a series of costly ceremonial offices |
| generalized reciprocity | giving and receiving goods with no immediate or specific return expected |
| household | economic unit, group of people united by kinships or other links who share a residence and organize production, consumption, and distribution of goods among themselves |
| market exchange | principal distribution mechanism in most of todays societies |
| negative reciprocity | exchange conducted for the purpose of material advantage and the desire to get something for nothing |
| reciprocity | a mutual give and take among people of equal status |
| redistribution | exchange in which goods are collected and then distribution to members of a group |
| class | a category of persons who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources |
| social stratification | a relatively permanent unequal distribution of goods and services in a society |
| wealth | the accumulation of material resources or access to the means of producing these resources |
| prestige | social honor, related to income, wealth, power, integrity, family history, respect |
| caste system | based on ascribed staus's |
Created by:
janelle01
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