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week 10-Tucker
Survey of anthropology--week 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cultural relativism | understanding each culture in its own terms and context |
| emic | immersion in cullture |
| etic | using science |
| ethnocentrism | thinking some cultures were better than others, considering your own culture to be the best and most right |
| ethnography | description of society or culture |
| ethnology | attempting to make general principles and generalizations about societies and cultures |
| holism | looking at a subject from all sides |
| adaptation | asd |
| enculturation | s the process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviours that are appropriate or necessary in that culture |
| norms | a standard or pattern of social behavior |
| culture shock | feelings of alienation, loneliness and isolation common to living in a new culture |
| participant observation | living in a society and doing field work to make inferences |
| sedentary | living in one place, not being nomadic |
| subsistence strategies | ways of transorming the material resources of the environment into food. ex foraging, horticulutre, agriculture, pastoralism, industrialism |
| balanced reciprocity | clear obligation to return goods with goods of equal value(Kula ring in islands of New Guinea) |
| generalized reciprocity | carried out by close kin, no account of whats given |
| market exchange | goods and services bought and sold at money price determined by impersonal market forces |
| negative reciprocity | impersonal and unfriendly transactions-expoitation |
| reciprocity | sharing |
| class | category of persons who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources, power and prestige and who are ranked high and low in relation to each other |
| social stratification | relatively permanent unequal distribution of goods and services in a society |
| wealth | accumulation of material resources or access to the means of producing these resources |
| prestige | increasing social status or respect-social honor |
| ascribed status | status based on birth-important in caste systems |
| achieved status | based on person's effort to achieve social position, open system |
| caste system | closed system-little or no possibility of social movement |
| Culture(textbook definition) | culture is learned, culture is symbolic, it is patterned, shared, adaptive and always changing |
| four field approach | using archaeology, physical/biological sciences, linguistics and social/cultural science |
| Sickle Cell | having heterozygous hemoglobin means you arre resistant to malaria, shows not always the strong survive |
| segmentary | groups live together for someof the year but not the whole year |
| economic anthropology | study how humans use thier environment to make a living |
| social reproduction | production,consumption and exchange, social organization=how people live |
| foraging | gathering and hunting, original human adaptive strategy, no untouched left |
| egalitarian | little stratification, gender equality, little hierarchy(foraging society) |
| !Kung San | live in Kalahari desert, in semi permanent villages, follow water |
| survival | living but only with bare neccessities |
| affluence | living comfortably and happily |
| Marshall Sahlin | coined "original affluent society"-limited wants, well adapted |
| Agriculture | intensive with capital, labor and technology, sedentarism |
| Redistribution | moving goods around through a central governer |
| exchange value | monetary value |
| surplus value | difference of how much it costs to make and how much it costs |
| society | group of people who depend on one another for sruvival or well being |
| culture | the way memebers of a society adapt to their environment and give meaning to their lives |
| informants | (respondents, interlocutors, consultants) people who guide anthropologists in their new surroundings and offer insights into the culture |
| post modernism | critique of natural and social sciences saying that all anthro info is biased, advise that instead of trying to analyze culture just report on what you saw and experiences |
| engaged and collaborative ethnography | collaboration between researcher and subject, writing what the subjects want, which isnt neccessarily true |
| industrialism | mechanization of production |
| globalization | reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces on a n ever- intensifying scale. |
| household | an economice unit, group of people united by kinship who share residence and organize amongst themselves |
| Potlatch | feasting among Native Americans, giving away/destroying large amounts of food |
| leveling mechanisms | forms of redistribution that tend to decrease social inequality |
| capitalism | people work for wages, land and capital are privately owned and capital is invested for profit |
| social mobility | the possibilities of movement between classes or social strata |
| class system | a form of social stratification in which the different strata form a continuum and social mobility is possible |
| race | culturally constructed "biological differences" |
| ethnicity | what you choose to associate yourself with |
| conflict theory of social strata | central to Marx, theory that social stratification causes conflict and instability |
| power | the ability to control resources in one's own interest |
| race | socially constructed view on people of different color, that they are biologically different |
| ethinicity | perceived differences in culture, national origin, and historical experience by which groups of people are distinguished from others in the same social environment |
| ethnic identity | ethnically based sense of self |
| ethnic groups | categories of people who view themselves as sharing an ethnic identity that differentiates them from other groups or from the larger society as a whole |
| ethnic boundaries | perceived cultural attributes by which ethnic groups distinguish themselves from others |
| social constructionist | holds that ethnic groups emerge and change based on specific historical conditions-ethnic groups act collectively based on the current circumstances |
| nation-state | governments and territories that are identified with culturally homogeneous populations and national histories. |
| multiculturalism | embracing cultural diverstiy as a positive value that adds richness to the whole society |
| structural violence | violence that results from the way that poltical and economic forces structure risk for various forms of suffering within a population |
| gender | the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex |
| caste | a ranked group wihtin a hierarchicaly stratifed society that is closed, prohibiting individuasl to move from one caste to another |
| human rights | powers, privileges, or material resources to which people everywhere, by virtue of being human, are justly entitled. |
| multiculturalism | living permanetly in settings surrounded by people with cultural backgrounds different from one's own and struggling to define with them the degree to which the cultural beliefs and practices of different groups should or should not be accorded respect an |
| cultural imperialism | the idea that some cultures dominate others and that domination by one culture leads inevitably to the destruction of subordinated cultures and their replacement by the culture of those in power. |
Created by:
hannad
Popular Anthropology sets