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AP History Unit 3
Ap World History Early Modern Period 1450-1750
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute Monarch | Government where the king or queen has total control |
| Agrarian | Agricultural society??? |
| Atheists | Does not believe in God |
| Capitalism | Economic system based on free enterprise |
| Cash crop | A crop grown for profit |
| Circumnavigate | To travel completely around something (the world) |
| Colonization | The process of establishing colonies |
| Commerce | The exchange of goods and services for money |
| Commercial | For profit (pertaining to commerce) |
| Commonwealth | 54 independent member states previously owned by the British empire ???? |
| Consequences | Punishment ??? |
| Continuity | Uninterrupted connection or union??? |
| Convent | A religous home for nuns |
| Currency | Paper money |
| Deists | A person who beleives in God, but believes He abandonded the universe once He made. |
| Demography | The scientific study of human populations |
| Divine | Of or relating to God. Used to refer to God |
| Divine Right | The belief that kings obtain their power to rule from God and that rebelion against them is a sin. |
| Dominant | Exercising influence of control??? |
| Economy | System of production of goods, distribution, and consumption. Money is used as the exchange |
| Hedonism | The pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle |
| Hinder | Obstruct (Prevent the process of) |
| Humanism | Moral philosophy that considers humans extrememly important |
| Institution | An established organization ??? |
| Jurisdiction | Legal power (The right and power to interpret and apply the law) |
| Left-Wing | The liberal and radical half of the political spectrum (Revolutionaries, Communists, Socialists) |
| Mercantilism | A country actively sought to trade, but tried not to import more than it exported. Tried to create a favorable balance of trade. |
| Monarchy | A government with a hereditary head of state (figurehead or powerful ruler) |
| Monastic | Refers to the religous life of a community of monks |
| Monk | A male who devotes himself to contemplation, prayer, and work |
| Monopoly | A market where one company has complete control over a particular product or service |
| Monotheism | Belief that there is only one God |
| Morality | Concern with the distinction between right and wrong |
| Nun | A woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religous life |
| Papacy/ Papal | Having to do with the Pope |
| Parliament | A legislative assembly in certain countries |
| Patriarch | The male head of a family |
| Pope | The head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Revolution | A fundamental change in power or ruler |
| Right-Wing | Of the more conservatory and reactional faction of the political spectrum |
| Salvation | God saving humans from death and granting them Eternal Life |
| Sanctioned | Give authorit or permission (Sometimes permission from the Church) |
| Satire | Sarcasm (Literary device used to make fun of the subject) |
| Subsistence | A means of surviving ??? |
| Urbanization | Many people begin living in cities or suburbs of cities |
| Utopia/Utopian | An imaginary place considered to be perfect or ideal |
| Vassals | A person who promises to be loyal to his lord in exchange for land and protection |
| Venerate | To honor, admire, and regard with respect |
| Vernacular | Slang; Characteristic of a local language |
| Age of Reason | A movement in Europe that advocated the use of reason and individualism |
| Akbar the Great (Mughal India) | The third emperor of the Mughal India. Came to power when he was 13. Won support of many Hindus. |
| Batavia, Indonesia | Christianity and Dutch are present here ??? |
| Calvin, John | Influential French theoligist and Pastor during the Protestant Reformation. Developed Christian Calvinism |
| Columbian Exchange | Worldwide exchange of plants, animals, diseases between old and new world (Europe and Americas) |
| Counter Reformation | A period when the Catholic Church underwent a set of internal reforms to stop Christians from converting from Catholisim to Protestanism. |
| Dutch East India Company | The Netherlands granted a charter to carry out colonization in Asia |
| Eastern Orthodox | In 1054, the churches that did not follow the leadership of the Pope (Byzantine Empire) |
| Edict of Nantes | Grant of tolerance to Protestants in France in 1598 |
| Edict of Fountainbleu | Rovocation of the Edict of Nantes. Did not allow Protestants to practice religon |
| Elizabeth I of England | Supported the Protestant Church. Last monarch of the Tudor Dynasty. |
| Encomienda System | A system where the Spanish government gave Indian labor rights to colonists |
| English Bill of Rights | An act dealing with the succession of the crown and rights of citizens. (William of Orange) ??? |
| English Commonwealth | The Republic that ruled England, then Ireland and Scotland |
| European Exploration | European countries began exploring America and settling the new world looking for trade opportunites and silver and gold ??? |
| Floating Empires | Europeans ruled dufferent colonies while exploring???? |
| Goa, India | Little island that was a trading port for European colonists |
| Gutenberg's Printing Press | Moveable type |
| Hacienda System | Hacienda = Spanish word for estate (Plantations, mines, business factories) ??? |
| Hapsburg Spain | Spain had a superior naval force which led to Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World |
| Henry Tudor (Henry VIII) | King of England, Kind of Ireland, and related to the kingdom of France ??? |
| Heliocentric Theory | The theory that the Earth and plantes revolve around the Sun, which is at the center of the universe. |
| Holy Roman Empire | Western Rome; Empire founded by Charlemagne; Pope was the leader |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists (Members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France) |
| Indulgences | A Christian could pay the Catolic Church in order to recieve forgiveness for their sins |
| Inquisition | The Roman Catholic Church tried and convicted people for heresy |
| Jannissary Corps | Soldiers that were the Ottomon empire's bodyguards and soldiers. |
| Jesuit Order | The society of Jesus that defended Catholicism against Protestants; strongly committed to education and scholarship |
| Law of Heavenly Bodies | Newton and Kepler laws governing planetary motion ??? |
| Martin Luther | Initiated the Protestant Reformation; Believed that Salvation is granted based on faith instead of good deeds |
| Louis XIV (France) | King of France from 1643-1715; Expanded French influence in Europe |
| Manchu (Qing Dynasty) China | The last ruling dynasty of China |
| Peter the Great (Russia) | Introduced ideas from Western Europe to reform the government |
| Philip II of Spain | King of Spain and Portugal; Husband of Mary I; Supported the Counter Reformation |
| Potosi Silver Mine | One of the major silver mines; located in Peru; Enslavement of the native americans |
| Protestant Reformation | A religous movement in the 16th century; Began as attempting to reform the Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant Churches |
| Renaissance | A cultural movement; At the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; 14th - 17th centuries |
| Roman Catholic Church | The Chrisitan Church in west rome that is headed by a Pope |
| Scientific Methods | A number of techniques used to investigate and experiment wth using Science |
| Scientific Revolution | A European intellectual movement in the 16th century that led to the basis of modern science; Led to the rejection of doctrines of the Ancient greeks |
| Shogun | A commander during the Japanese feudal periods; Hereditary military dictator of Japan |
| Silver or Single Whip System | A reform in China that all land taxes paid in China must be paid in SILVER; (Before this, China had paper money. Now, lots of silver is going into China) |
| Straits of Malacca, Indonesia | Spice islands??? |
| Suleiman the Magnificent (Ottoman) | Prominant monarch in the 16th century; Presiding over the Ottoman's political, military, and economic power |
| Thirty Years War (1618-1648) | Group of Protestants stormed the royal castle and threw three members of the Catholic Church out the window. ??? |
| Tokugawa Bakufu System | The Shogunate feudal political system in Japan??? |
| Treaty of Westphalia (1648) | Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion–either Protestant or Catholic |
| The Vatican | The residence of the Catholic Pope in Rome, Italy (Vatican City) |
| Zheng He (Ming, China) | The Chinese admiral in contol of the fleet going to East Africa, India, Arabia |
| Why does the world become smaller? | Almost all civilizations are touched by trade |
| Power shifts to: | Western Europe |
| Western Europe has: | Feudalism |
| What is an absolute monarchy? | One person has total control |
| Which Church is reformed? | Catholic |
| What is the Columbian Exchange? | Food exchange from Europe, Americas, and Africa |
| What is a main economic trend? | Abuse of native peoples |
| Staple crops are what? | You need it to survive and it is important |
| Language was same or diverse? | Same (homogenous) |
| What are the THREE TRENDS? | WESTERN EXPANSION, GLOBALIZATION OF TRADE, AND GUNPOWDER |
| Who moves to cities at the END of the Middle Ages? | Serfs move to cities with specialized skills |
| At the end of the Byzantine Empire, who rises to power? | Ottoman Turks |
| What are causes of exploration? | Success of Hanseatic league (trading group) and crusades spawn new efficient routes, and new technologies |
| What was the Sternpost rudder? | Improved steering- Invented in China |
| What is the lateen sails? | Sails in any direction regardless of wind-Arab |
| What is the Astrolabe? | Measured distance of sun and stars above horizon-Arab |
| Who invented the magnetic compass? | Chinese |
| When was gunpowder invented? | 1500s and 1600s |
| Explorers and conquerors could use gunpowder against less technologically advanced nations: | When they conquered Americas |
| What is the Three-Masted Caravel? | Larger sails, large cargo roms with more provisions. Without it, they wouldn't have been able to sail across ocean |
| What are the economic goals? | Access to luxury goods |
| Why did they need a sea route to Asia? | Europeans are tired of Middle East being the middleman and getting profit |
| Renaissance thinking led to belief that: | Man could affect destiny |
| Marco Polo wrote a book about what? | Visiting Asia and seeing the printing press, gunpowder, and magnetic compass |
| What is the Iberian Peninsula? | Spain and Portugal |
| Who was the first exploring country? | Portugal |
| Where did Portugal explore? | Coast of Africa |
| Prince Henry the navigator (Portugese) did what? | Set out with his princes on many voyages |
| Marco Polo did what? | Went to China during the Yuan Dynasty and brought back what he learned to Italy |
| Dias explored: | The Cape of Good Hope 1488 |
| Vasco de Gama did what? | Explored India and East Africa 1497 |
| Vasco de Gama returned what percent of original investment? | 6000% |
| Ferdinand Magellan did what> | His ships return to Europe in 1522- first circumnavigation |
| What is on Africa coast? | Gold |
| What is Goa, Malacca, and Sri Lanka? | Little islands that were trading posts |
| Where did Spain explore? | Mexico |
| Far East and Southeast Asia were: | Too strong to conquer |
| Coumbus's voyages were financed by: | Ferdinand and Isabella |
| Columbus thought he had found: | Indies- "Indians" |
| Who mapped and named the new world? | Amerigo Vespucci |
| Treaty of Tordesillas was: | The Line of Demarcation that was through Brazil. |
| The line of demarcation, who gets what? | Portugal gets East and Spain gets West |
| Spanish and Portugese wanted to: | Keep Northern Europe out of Atlantic exploration |
| Americas had opportunities for: | Military power and immense wealth |
| France and England wanted to find: | A "Northwest Passage" to China and India through Arctic |
| English fought naval wars with who in the 1500s? | Spain |
| When do the English establish colonies? | 1600s |
| Roanoke is the most famous: | Faied early English colony in North America |
| Plymouth Rock and Jamestown, Virginia | English colonies |
| When did the British East India company practice? | 1600 |
| France colonized what? | Canada |
| France wanted: | furs |
| France explored: | Mississippi and Great Lakes |
| Netherlands are: | The Dutch |
| Dutch invaded: | Indonesia |
| New York was originally: | New Amsterdam |
| English took Wall Street from: | The Dutch |
| What are effects of European colonization? | Emergence of truly global economic system and a worldwide system of military competition among European powers and first World Wars |
| What are themes of European Exploration? | Control over territories, conquereed and colonized, forced open markets |
| Europe was no longer: | The smallest and weakest civilization |
| The world is never the same after: | European Exploration and colonization of the Americas |
| How are enviroments, populations, economies, political systems affected by colonization of the Americas? | Dramatically affected by colonization of the Americas |
| What did Europeans pay for Chinese products with? | Silver |
| What countries did NOT trade with the rest of the world? | Japan, Russia, Ottomans, and Internal Africa |
| What pooled the resources of many merchants and reduced the costs and risks of colonization? | Joint Stock Company |
| Joint stock company was the beginnings of what? | The modern stock market |
| The Church began doing what new financial endeavor? | Lending money and charging interest on loans |
| Dutch East India Company had what? | Spice Islands in Indonesia |
| British East India Company was located where? | Parts of India |
| What is Mercantilism? | More money = More Power |
| What are key points to mercantilism? | Don't import more than you export because a trade deficit implied weakness in own country |
| Where did the resources from the colonies go? | Back to Mother country |
| What is the Bourgeoisie? | The Middle class- Doctors, Lawyers |
| What was wealth based on after colonization? | Industries around MONEY instead of only land |
| Whey was the European colonization of the Americas successful? | Indigenous people had no resistance to European disease, Natives fear of unknown (metal and horseback), superior weapons |
| What was Mexico City (New Spain) first called? | Tenochititlan |
| What were Spain's goals in colonization? | Wealth, raw materials, to spread Roman Catholicism |
| True or False: The Europeans let the Natives live in peace. | FALSE Native populations were largly wiped out. There are now two Europes essentially |
| Whate are the White Spanish officials in the Americas called? | Peninsulares |
| What are the people who were born in colonies to Spanish parents called? | Creoles |
| Who became leaders of resistance movements? | The creoles |
| European and Native American ancestry are called what? | Mestizos |
| European and African ancestry are called: | Mulattos |
| Did the Native Americans have freedom? | No-little to no freedom |
| What did the Encomienda System resemble? | Feudalism (It was essentially American Feudalism) |
| Peninsularies get land and slaves. In exchange, they must do what? | Protect and convert the slaves to Christianity |
| Christian missionaries appealed for reform of what? | Treatment of Native Americans |
| To reduce strain of Native Americans, what happened? | Africans are brought to Americas |
| What was Spain's #1 priority in colonization? | Resource extraction |
| Who was the cruelest of colonizers? | Spain |
| More slaves brought to ___, than to ___. | Latin America/Caribbean, United States |
| Converting Africans to ___ was a priority? | Catholicism |
| Who focused on fur trades? | French |
| France made alliances with who? | Native Americans- The Huron |
| The English colonists wanted to: | Escape religous persecution |
| Who works for who with the Indentured servants? | Europe works for Europe |
| Who fought the Frech and Indian Wars? | FRANCE AND INDIANS VERSUS ENGLAND |
| ******What was the "Most rapid and profound ecological transformatioins in world history?" | The Columbian Exchange |
| What was traded and transported in the Columbian Exchange? | Foods, animals, resources, diseases |
| What provided labor and transport? | The horse |
| What came from Africa during the Columbian Exchange? | Food, cultural practices, religous beliefs, dancing, banjos |
| What came from the Americas in the Columbian Exchange? | Corn, potatoes, sugar cane, |
| Europe gets differnt parts of food pyramid after columbian exchange. Examples are: | Tomatoes and Sugar |
| What is the biggest reason Africans come to the Americas? | Sugar Cane |
| What are some European diseases that killed Americans? | Smallpox and measles |
| What forever altered North and South American ethnicity, religon, language, art, and music? | Movement of Europeans and Africans to the Americas |
| What is the TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE? | Slaves from Africa on MIDDLE PASSAGE |
| Only 5% of slaves went to North America; most went to: | Carribbean and South America |
| What went to Europe? | Raw materials, rum, sugar |
| What went to Africa? | Manufactured goods-guns |
| What is the right to rule given by God? | The Divine Right |
| What was common among royal families in Europe? | Intermarriage |
| Intermarriages led to: | Alliances |
| Who had religous fights? | Protestants and Catholics |
| What are the Islamic empires in order? | Umyadid, Abbasid, Otttoman |
| Where was the Ottoman Empire? | Turkey |
| Where was the Safavid Empire? | Persia |
| Where was the Mughal Empire? | India |
| What are characteristics of the three Islamic empires? | 1. Extremely centralized 2. Technologically advanced 3. Military powerful 4. "gunpowder empires" |
| The Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, and Mughal Empire are what? | The ISLAMIC EMPIRES AT THE SAME TIME BUT IN DIFFERNT PARTS OF THE WORLD |
| Who overran the the Islamic Empire in 13th century? | Mongols |
| What is the date that marks the beginning of the Ottoman Empire? | 1200s |
| Ottomans invaded: | Constantinople and challenged Byzantine empire |
| Sunni thinks ___ can be caliph. | ANYONE |
| Shia thinks ___ can be caliph. | ONLY RELATIVE OF MUHAMMAD |
| What religon were the Ottomans? | Muslims |
| What was the Ottoman's religous policy? | EXTREMEMLY TOLERANT |
| Who transformed the cathedreals to mosques (Hagia Sophia)? | Ottomans |
| Christians and Jews were allowed to___ under the Ottomans? | Practice own religon |
| Ottomans enslaved who? | Christian subjects' children and turned them into fighting warriors-Janisaries |
| Suleiman I- The magnificent started: | The Ottoman Golden Age |
| What could have changed THE COURSE OF WESTERN EUROPE? | The Ottomans attacked Vienna, Austria, (Eastern Europe) , but STOPPED |
| The Ottoman Empire lasted until: | 1922 (700 years) |
| Citizens could petition__ under the Ottomans? | The sultan regarding religous and political issues |
| Who was the sovereign over ministers? | The Sultan (otttomans) |
| Who did the Ottomans convert to Islam and raise to be loyal to sultan? | conquered Christian's children (Janissaries) |
| The enslaved Jannissaries were equal to: | A knight or navy seal |
| How did the sultan get heirs? | Usually did NOT marry; got heirs through concubines |
| Who was the "queen mother?" | If the concubine's son was chosen as heir to the sultan, she was the "queen mother." |
| The sultan would marry the concubine after what? | After she got pregnant |
| Complex elite social network of Ottomans: | Harem |
| What is the dome at the top of mosques? | Minurets |
| Sultan = | King/Leader |
| The harem was seen as | Members of sultan's extended family |
| Vizier = | Prime Minister |
| Divan = | Cabinet of advisors |
| Janissaries= | Elite military corps of converted slaves |
| Below Janissaries were___, then___ | Regional officers, general population |
| Who founded the Miny Dynasty? | Zhu Yuanzhang (He was a warlord who assisted in kicking out Mongols.) |
| What is a scholar gentry? | Smart old people |
| Confucian based civil service exam was ___ during Ming dynasty? | reinstated and expanded |
| Who was beaten in public in Ming dynasty? | Corrupt public officials |
| Who was the Chinses Columbus? | Zheng He (He had brief, major expeditions of exploration and trade in EAST AFRICA) |
| In 1644, who conquered Ming Dynasty? | Jurchens/ Manchus |
| Who became very powerful and corrupt in China during Manchu dynasty? | Eunuchs (Castrated males) |
| What does Xenophobic mean? | Dislike people who are different from you |
| Chung-Cheng, the last Ming emperor, commited suiced after he did what? | Killed his family (THAT IS TERRIBLE!) |
| Manchurians took over China and their dynasty was called: | Qing |
| Manchus kept themselves apart from who? | The Chinese they conquered |
| Manchus were ___ differnt from Chinese? | Ethnically |
| What began under Qing? | Full scale trade with Europeans |
| What is a favorable balance of trade? | IMPORT LESS than you EXPORT and BUY LESS THAN YOU SELL |
| What grew faster: Population or economy of China under Qing? | Population |
| Manchus kept themselves apart from who? | The Chinese they conquered |
| Manchus were ___ differnt from Chinese? | Ethnically |
| What began under Qing? | Full scale trade with Europeans |
| What is a favorable balance of trade? | IMPORT LESS than you EXPORT and BUY LESS THAN YOU SELL |
| What grew faster: Population or economy of China under Qing? | Population |
| What was the social hierarchy under Ming? | Absolute power from ruler > scholar gentry > FARMERS > MERCHANTS |
| WHERE DID FARMERS HAVE A HIGHER SOCIAL RANK THAN MERCHANTS? | CHINA DURING MING DYNASTY |
| All Han men were required to wear their hair: | Braided in back |
| "Lose your hair or lose your...." | Head |
| Spain aggresively supported what? | Exploration |
| Spanish armada was a groups of what? | Ships |
| Under Philip II of Spain, what happens? | Greatest expansion of New World |
| What is a heretic? | Someone going against the Church |
| English defeated Spanish where? | British Isles |
| Why did Spain fail in Americas? | Spent all their money quickly on wars, Missionary activity, and maintenance of huge fleet of ships |
| Spain should have dominated the New World, but | They wasted all their money |
| Who made A BIG IMPACT on New World? | Spain |
| Sponsoring maritime exploration let to what? | The creation of a vast overseas Spanish Empire |
| Don Quixote was what/ | One of the greatest modern works of Western literature |
| Colonization ensured spread of what? | Spanish language, culture, and Catholicism |
| What IS THE THIRD ROME? | MOSCOW, RUSSIA |
| What are the THREE ROMES? | 1) ROME; 2) CONSTANTINOPLE 3) MOSCOW |
| After Rome and Constantinople, Orthodox Christianity moved to: | Moscow |
| Eastern Orthodox and the Byzantine Empire moved north to Moscow, Russia, when: | The Muslims took over Turkey and Constantinople (Which they renamed to Istanbul) |
| Ivan the Terrible was the 1st Russian: | Czar |
| What is Russian for Caesar? | Czar |
| Russia had centralization of authority and STILL had feudalism, WHEN WESTERN EUROPE was | Evolving |
| Russia remained isolated from: | West |
| Western Europe had a renaissance, exlporation, religous debate, scientific enlightenment WHEREAS RUSSIA | Was NOT part of Renaissance, or Reformation (Not Catholic) |
| Time of Troubles in Russia was: | After Ivan IV 1548 (Fight for throne) |
| Romanov family in Russia ruled: | Ruthlessly |
| Romanov family created state control over: | The Russian Ortodox Church |
| Peter the Great was: | "Peter the Poser" because he wanted Russia to be like Western Europe |
| New capital of Russia was: | St. Petersburg (near Water) |
| Serfdom = | Feudalism |
| Catherine The Great (Russia) continued: | Weternization policies of Peter |
| Saint Pertersburg was known as: | The "Window to the West" |
| Unlike Chinese/Japanese who fully withdrew from West, | Russians wanted to interact and be like the West |
| When did the unification of France begin? | After the Hundred Years War drove English from France (When Joan of Arc helped) |
| France's main religon was: | Catholic |
| What are Frence Protestants? | Huguenots |
| France ruled by many strong monarchs WHEREAS ENGLAND: | Went from monarchy to commonwealth to Restoration to Glorious Revolution |
| BUT, France's Estates General weaker than: | England's Parliament |
| Kings in France ruled using: | Divine Right |
| Who was Cardinal Richeliu? | He ran the country for King Loi who was 4 |
| What does "noblesse de la robe" mean? | "Nobels of the robes" |
| Louis XIV was: | Catholic |
| Louis XIV was how old when he became King? | Four years old; His mother ruled for him until he became older |
| Who is a perfect example of an absolute monarch? | Louis XIV |
| Louis XIV was the ___ King? | "Sun King" The source of light to all his subjects |
| Art flourished in France because of | Louis XIV |
| Europe was afraid of what supernation/empire? | France and Spain combined |
| England, Holy Roman Empire, German princes VS. | France |
| Louis XIV built Versailes to prove power and | Moved Capital there from Paris |
| Characterisitcs of absolute monarchies: | Maintenance of Strong Armies, establishment of elaborate bureaucracies, high taxes to support the frequent wars, believe in divine right of kings, territorial expansion a goal |
| Characteristics of European nation states: | Definite geographic boundaries, sovereignty (right to rule yourself), and created rivalries and divisions that often led to war |
| Henry VIII wants a male heir, but | Pope won't let him divorce. So, he leaves Catholic Church and makes new Anglican Church. |
| Mary was first daughter of Henry VIII. She and her mom were sent away. When Henry died, who was in power? | Mary. She hates Protestants. She is known as bloody Mary. |
| After Mary dies, who takes over? | Elizabeth (I DO!!!!!!!) |
| Elizabeth is what religon? | Protestant |
| England's new ruling dynasty is: | The Tudors |
| Who are the Tudors? | Henry VIII and Elizabeth |
| Elizabethan Age was England's: | Golden Age |
| Pilgrims find a home in: | New World |
| Oliver Cromwell is the: | Dictator |
| Cromwell overthrown and who is the new king? | James II |
| James I attempted to accomodate Catholics AND | Puritans |
| James II was what religon? | (Openly) Catholic |
| People feared James II would: | Make a Catholic nation |
| James II fled to France: | During Glorious Revolution |
| James II was replaced in 1688 by daughter and her husband: | William and Mary |
| William And Mary created: | The English Bill of Rights which created constitutional monarchy |
| Replacement of James II ended what? | Divine Right because if parliament makes the monarch, then God didn't. |
| When did Shakespeare write his masterpieces? | During Elizabethan Age |
| Shogun in Japan = | Lords in Europe |
| Shogunates were: | Military governments |
| Who united Japan? | Hideyoshi |
| Hideyoshi appointed ____ to rule until son got older | Five regents (people) |
| What is a daimyo? | Rich family |
| Who was the winner of Hideyoshi's five regents? | Tokugawa |
| Tokugawa forced Hideoshi's son to: | Kill himself |
| Bakufu was the Japanese: | Cabinent |
| Tokugawa ruled Japan from the city of: | Edo- (Tokyo) |
| Edo becomes: | Tokyo |
| Peace came at the price of: | Dictatorship (Freedom VS. Security |
| Social stucture in Tokugawa, Japan: | Samurai, Farmers, Craftspeople, Traders/Merchants, Eta (Outcasts) |
| Eta in Japan = | Untouchables |
| Japanese forbidden from: | Leaving Japan |
| Neo-Confucianism-In Japan: | Like China, relationship between ruled and ruler |
| Japanese were Ethnocentrism, meaning: | Saw selves as superior to outsiders; Pride in divine emperor; own uniqueness as a people |
| Japanese women: | Must obey husbands or die |
| What does egalitarian mean? | Equal to men and women |
| Lower class women had gender relations that | Were more egalitarian (more equal) |
| Japanese girl children were less valued and therefore: | Sold into prostitution and killed |
| Japanese Kabuki emphasized: | Violence, physical action and music (Like wrestling)) |
| Kabuki was criticized because: | Of its potentially corrupting effect |
| Woodblock print becomes: | Established artform |
| When did the Delhi Sultanate collapse? | 1300s |
| Who is Mongol Timur? | India's Genghis Khan |
| Delhi taken and ransacked by who? | Mongol Timur |
| Who is Babur? | Mughal Founder |
| Akbuar was a Muslim who married a __? | Hindu |
| Akbar encouraged cooperation bewteen what two groups? | Hindus and Muslims |
| What is the Persian word for Mongol? | Mughal |
| What are the three great Muslim empirAes? | Mughal, Ottoman Empire, and Safavid Persia |
| All Muslim empires are: | "gunpowder empires" |
| Mughal leaders failed to do what? | Solve drama between Hindus and Muslims |
| Aurangzeb, last emperor of Mughals, did the wrong thing when he did what? | Tried to impose orthodox Islam |
| Who allie to push out Mughal rule? | Hindu princes |
| How did Akbar brake with Hindu/Muslim treatment of women? | He encouraged widows to remarry, outlawed sati (ritual suicide at husband's funeral), allowed women following purday (confinement) to get out |
| Purdah means curtain; What does purdah mean? | Confinement and covering yourself |
| Female aristocrats in Mughal India did what? | Owned land and ran businesses |
| Taj Mahal was constructed by who? | Shah Jahan as tomb for wife |
| What remained the primary economic arrangement? | Marriage |
| What led to more marriages based on love? | The Protestant Reformation |
| Noble women had what advantages in Europe? | Gained education and made scientific discoveries |
| How did women gain influence? | They advised their husbands/lovers/sons |
| Higher up in social class gave what privlages? | More freedom to be involved in education/arts and servants did work |
| Lower down in social class forced what? | More time spent with family, in fields, tending livestock |
| What are negatives of higher status of women? | Less value and contribution and more need to be protected |
| Women are more needed and more valued and contributed more in which social status? | Lower social class- contribution more needed |
| What governend the relationship of women to their families in China? | Confucianism |
| What country influenced Japan? | China |
| Who are the Harem? | Pretty girls that hang out with Shogan and sleep with him. The Harem are respected though. |
| Harems were girls that slept with shogun. So, what is the irony? | The Harems were respected |
| What are some characteristics of African kingdoms? | slaves usualy prisoners of war and captives of slave raids |
| The slaves were treated how by the Europeans? | Terrible- rounded up,forced on ships,chained together, and forced to endure Middle Passage |
| What conditions were on the slave boats? | Hot, suffocation, starved , killed in revolts, taken to auction blocks |
| What went to AFricans in exchange for slaves? | European guns and manufactured goods |
| Where did the slaves go?q | From Africa to South America or West Indies |
| SUgar, molasses, and rum produced by slave labor went where? | Europe for manufactured godos |
| What became prized in Africa as a result of the slave trade? | guns and European glass |
| African slaves Christianized, but | kept parts of their language and culture |
| African music, dress, and mannerisms mixed with what cultures? | Spanish and indigenous cultures in the Americas |
| What diseases went to the Americas from Europe? | yellow fever, malaria, smallpox, measles |
| What impact did the European and African diseases hav on the Americas? | Wiped out populations; In Spanish claimed lands, poplutation dropped from 50 million to 4 milliion |
| What was a new method of labor in the Americas?q | The horse |
| Cattle, goats, and chickens came where from where | To Americas from Europe |
| What are the huge Spanish estates? | haciendas |
| The estates (haciendas) allowed for what? | Monoculture |
| What is monoculture? | The growing of large quantities of single crop |
| What happened to the continents from 1450-1750? | The looked TOTALLY different (Indigenous people wiped out) |
| The colonization and slave introducing to the Americas has what effect on the world? | FOREVER ALTERS RACIAL AND GENETIC MAKE-UP OF THE WORLD |
| What are the Europeans after? | Precious metals (Gold and silver) |
| What did the crusades expose Christians to? | Advanced Islamic civilization |
| What did Scholasticism do? | Exposed to rest of world and Europe's past |
| What id scholasticism? | Focus on school and learning |
| What are the four major movements in Europe? | Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment |
| What happens during the Renaissance? | Black death stops, poputations increase, people move to cities, middle class emerges, huge infulx of money, interactions with Muslim World,Preservation of Greek/Roman learning by Spain, Weakening Byzantine Empire |
| What is humanism? | Focus on human endeavor |
| What is the renaissance man? | Multitalented, like da Vinci- artist, scientist, musician, architect, engnieer |
| Characteristics of Renassance art? | Themes before were religous, but now more secular |
| What kind of printing had one page at a time? | Block printing |
| What kind of printing let you move each individual letters? | Moveable type |
| Powerful families in Florence did what? | competed to see who had best artists |
| Compare art before and during Renaissance? | Religous before, now secular; Art in Cathedrals, now in homes; Flat and stiff art before, now softer, human, 3D, and realistic |
| What helped spread Protestant Reformation views? | The printing press because people demanded more books and Bibles |
| What did Machiavelli's book, The Prince, express? | The purpose of a leader is to stay in power and the end justifies the means (self-interest more important than morals) |
| Erasmus does what in his book, In Praise of Folly? | He satirizes politics and the Church |
| Sir Thomas More wrote what book? | Utopia- Describes ideal society; shared wealth and common interests |
| Whose works expressed classical world? | WIlliam Shakespeare |
| The Catholic Church said what about going to Heaven? | You only go to Heaven if you do it the Church's way. |
| Why does the power of the Eastern Orthodox Church fall? | Constantinople falls |
| Where does the Eastern Orthodox Church relocate to after the fall of Constantinople? | Moscow, Russia |
| What were indulgences? | People paid money for indulgences to the Church. It forgave their sins and reduced time in purgatory |
| Does the Catholic Church pay taxes? | No |
| What was the Catholic Church too concerned with? | Wealth and power |
| What were some of Martin Luther's frustrations with the Catholic Church? | The Church services were in Latin, not in the vernacular(language of the people); Salvation is given by God's grace, NOT through indulgences or the Church; Don't need Church as itermediary-go straight to Bible |
| What happened at the Diet of Worms? | Martin Luther was saved by prince and not killed, but he still refused to take back his 95 theses |
| What is the Diet of Worms? | Luther's speech at the place of worms |
| Who taught predestination? | John Calvin |
| Henry VIII created what? | The Anglican Church |
| If the Church, the firmest institution can be questioned, then what? | ANYTHING can be questioned such as where the sun is, role of government |
| Protestants less emphasized what? | rituals and sacraments |
| What can save a person in Protestant Churches? | Only the grace of the amazing, almighty God |
| What led to higher literacy rates in Europe? | Protestants reading the Bible and interpreting for selves |
| Clergy can marry in what Churches? | Protestant |
| Protestant Churches rejected what? | The belief that the wine and bread literally = blood and body of Christ |
| What is the Counter-Reformation? | Catholic Church Reformation |
| What happened during the Cathlic Counter Reformation? | Stopped selling indulgences, trained Priests/Bishops |
| Who had stricter training? | The Jesuits |
| Who are Jesuits? | Jesus people; Hardcore missionaries and are really smart |
| What was the Council of Trent? | Meeting to reform Catholic Church that defined rules for Catholic Church |
| Who insisted that the Bible be translated to the vernacular/German? | Martin Luther |
| Who fought the Thirty Years War? | German Princes- Lutheranism (Protests) VS. Catholics |
| What did the Act of Supremacy do? | Took Roman Catholic Church land and gave to nobles |
| What is anticlericalism? | Againsts the Clergy |
| Luther's teachings say what is not necessary? | Priests |
| As monarchs' power increased, ______ power decreased. | Papal (Pope) |
| What encouraged education? | Protestants wanted their children to read and interrupt the Bible |
| What improved the status of women within marriage? | Encouraged LOVE between man/wife |
| During the Protestant Reformation, what happened to marriage? | LOVE was encouraged in marriage! Nick and Elizabeth are in love, so they will get married and become Nick and Elizabeth Jonas!!! <3 : ) ;) |
| Who had the heliocentric (sun center) theory? | Copernicus |
| What did Galileo do? | Logically explained heliocentric theory and his book was banned because it was heretic |
| What did Brahe do? | Invented observatory |
| What did Bacon contribute? | Inductive reasoning |
| What did Kepler discover? | Planetary motion |
| What did Newton discover? | Used Calculus prove theories-Gravity |
| What are effects of the Protestant Reformation | atheists-no god That is terrible! GOD EXISTS AND IS AMAZING!!!!!! |
| What did Deists believe? | God was a clockmaker in the sky- He made the world and then walked away and didn't have anything to do with it |
| What contributed to Enlightenment/Age of Reason? | Research based on observation and carefully obtained data |
| Where is the Divine Right? | Europe |
| Where is the Mandate of Heaven? | Japan |
| Mandate of Heaven says that God will let them rule as long as they please Him, whereas the Divine Right says: | Rule however you want because God chose you |
| Locke ___; Hobbes ___ | Locke loves; Hobbes hates |
| Thomas Hobbes thought people were: | Evil |
| John Locke thought people: | Were good and born free with inalienable rights |
| Jean-Jacques-Rousseau thought: | Humans free to obey laws if just-Social contract |
| What did Montesquieu contribute? | Separation of powers-legislative, executive, judicial |
| What did Adam Smith contribute? | Wrote Wealth of Nations-book; Laissez-faire ecomomics; "Let the people do what they want." |
| Who had the first encyclopedia? | Denis Diderot |
| What monarchs treated people fair? | Joseph II-Austria; Frederick II-Prussia |
| What are characteristics of Enlightened thinkers? | science/natural laws govern human nature; power of human reason/rationalism; living by these laws would lead to society's economic, political, and social problems |
| Challenges of Enlightenment? | Find an end to injustice, inequality, and superstition; Toleration for all religons; breaking down of corrupt instutions such as the Church |
| What is the "great man theory?" | THe would would have never changed if not for a few people |
| What was a colonization political theory? | European monarchs needed money from new colonies |
| Justifications for slavery? | English-racism of Africans; prisoners captured in battle |
| Northern colonies did not do what? | Keep many slaves |
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princessjonas
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