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Digestive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ingestion | The process of taking food in |
| Digestion | The mechanical and chemical process of breaking food down |
| Absorption | The process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system |
| Elimination | The removal of solid waste products from the body |
| Carnivores | Animals that only eat meat |
| Omnivore | Animal that eats both meat and plants |
| Herbivores | Animal that only eats plants |
| Liver | Organ caudal to the diaphragm that stores glucose as glycogen |
| Gallbladder | Sac embedded in the liver that stores bile |
| Pancreas | Gland near the duodenum that produces digestive enzymes |
| Oral cavity | Contains lips, cheeks, palates, salivary glands, tongue, and teeth |
| Maxilla | The upper jaw bone |
| Mandible | The lower jaw bone |
| Periodontium | The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth |
| Esophagus | Muscular tube dorsal to the trachea leading to the stomach |
| Pharynx | The throat; passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus |
| Peristalsis | Muscular movement transporting food through the esophagus |
| Ingesta | Material taken in orally |
| Small Intestine | Organ where many nutrients are absorbed; includes duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| Large Intestine | Organ where water is absorbed and waste is prepared for excretion |
| Anus | The terminal end of the digestive tract where waste is excreted |
| Incisor | Front tooth used for cutting |
| Canine | Long, pointed tooth (fangs) used for tearing |
| Premolar | Cheek tooth found between canines and molars |
| Molar | Most caudally located cheek tooth used for grinding |
| Rumen | Giant fermentation vat in ruminants containing papillae |
| Reticulum | Ruminant stomach chamber with a honeycomb lining |
| Omasum | Chamber that squeezes out water and fatty acids |
| Abomasum | The "true stomach" of ruminants using acids and enzymes |
| Rumination | Process of regurgitating and re-chewing food (cud) |
| Cud | Regurgitated food that is chewed a second time |
| Mastication | The act of chewing |
| Deglutition | The process of swallowing |
| Duodenum | The first/proximal portion of the small intestine |
| Jejunum | The middle portion of the small intestine |
| Ileum | The last/distal portion of the small intestine |
| Metabolism | Processes involved in the body's use of nutrients |
| Anabolism | The building of body cells and substances |
| Catabolism | The breaking down of body cells and substances |
| Nutrient | Substance necessary for normal body functioning |
| Enzymes | Substances that chemically change another substance |
| Ascites | Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdominal cavity |
| Bloat | Excessive accumulation of gas in the rumen |
| Coprophagia | The consumption of feces |
| GDV | Gastric dilatation and volvulus; life-threatening stomach twist |
| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine |
| Hepatic Lipidosis | Fatty liver disease; fat accumulation in the liver |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
| Periodontal disease | Infection of the tissue surrounding the teeth |
Created by:
ManiStudies
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