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Histology of Muscle
Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What contractile protein components make up muscle? | Actin and myosin |
| Myoepithelial cells | surround secretory glands |
| Pericytes | surround blood vessels |
| Myofibroblasts | contract and secrete collagen |
| Three types of muscle tissue | Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth |
| In what staining is Skeletal m. visible and what characteristic is visible or not visible? | Visible striations with H&E staining. |
| In what staining is Cardiac m. visible and what characterisitc is visible or not visible? | Visible striations with H&E staining |
| In what staining is Smooth m. visible and what characteristic is visible or not visible? | No visible striation with H&E staining |
| What are the components of Skeletal m.? | Individual cells or fibers. |
| What muscle do long, cylindrical multinucleated cells belong to? | Skeletal m.(up to 100 peripherally placed nuclei) |
| What is the connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles? | Muscle fascia |
| Epimysium | Sheath that encapsulates the entire muscle. Continuous with the muscle tendon. |
| Perimysium | Arises from epimysium and divides the muscle into bundles. |
| Can nerves and vessels run through perimysium? | Yes between the fascicles. |
| Endomysium | Partition that surrounds each muscle fiber and is contiuous with the perimysium. |
| Microfibrils are made up of repeating units called? | Sarcomeres |
| What makes up myofibrils? | Myofilaments |
| Skeletal m. layers | Muscle -> Fascicle -> Fiber -> Myofibrils (sarcomeres) -> Myofilaments (actin & myosin) |
| Z disc | Insertion point |
| Myoepithelial cells | surround secretory glands |
| Pericytes | surround blood vessels |
| Myofibroblasts | contract and secrete collagen |
| Three types of muscle tissue | Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth |
| In what staining is Skeletal m. visible and what characteristic is visible or not visible? | Visible striations with H&E staining. |
| In what staining is Cardiac m. visible and what characterisitc is visible or not visible? | Visible striations with H&E staining |
| In what staining is Smooth m. visible and what characteristic is visible or not visible? | No visible striation with H&E staining |
| What are the components of Skeletal m.? | Individual cells or fibers. |
| What muscle do long, cylindrical multinucleated cells belong to? | Skeletal m.(up to 100 peripherally placed nuclei) |
| What is the connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles? | Muscle fascia |
| Epimysium | Sheath that encapsulates the entire muscle. Continuous with the muscle tendon. |
| Perimysium | Arises from epimysium and divides the muscle into bundles. |
| Can nerves and vessels run through perimysium? | Yes between the fascicles. |
| Endomysium | Partition that surrounds each muscle fiber and is contiuous with the perimysium. |
| Microfibrils are made up of repeating units called? | Sarcomeres |
| What makes up myofibrils? | Myofilaments |
| Skeletal m. layers | Muscle -> Fascicle -> Fiber -> Myofibrils (sarcomeres) -> Myofilaments (actin & myosin) |
| Z disc | Insertion point of thin filaments (actin), move closer together during contraction. |
| A band | Darker band; thick myosin filaments. |
| H band | Central, lighter portion. I band and H band narrows during contraction. |
| M line | Darker line in the A band. |
| Where is the myosin fiber central attachment in skeletal m.? | M line |
| I band | The light zone between A bands. |
| Sliding filament theory | an AP depolarizes the cell membrane, realeasing Ca2+, thin filament shape changes to expose myosin-head bindng sites, myosin heads bend, pull actin toward center of sarcomere, the thick & thin filaments slide over one another, sarcomere shortens |
| What muscle cells are electrically and mechanically isolated? | Skeletal muscle cells |
| True or False: Skeletal muscles communicate with each other. | FALSE: skeletal muscle cells do not communicate with each other. |
| Neuromuscular Junctions (motor end plate) | specialized region of the plasma membrane in which the nerve terminal lies |
| Transverse (T) tubules | Tubular extentions of the cell membrane. Extend into muscle cells and surround each myofibril. |
| What structure carries an action potential into a cell? | T tubules |
| What allows all sarcomeres of a muscle fiber to contract in a synchronized fashion? | T tubules |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | Membrane system arising from smooth endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Where does the sarcoplasmic reticulum lie? | Surrounding each myofibril between T tubules. |
| What is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to activate filament sliding and muscle contraction? | Calcium released when the membrane is depolarized. |
| What muscle cell fibers are branching and cylindrical? | Cardiac muscle cells. |
| How many nuclei per cell in cardiac muscle cells? | One to two centrally located nuclei. |
| Intercalated discs | Intercellular junctions at the ends of cardiac muscle cells, coupling the cells together. |
| Cardiac m. mechanical attachments | Transmit forces of contraction (desmosome) |
| Cardiac m. electrical attachments | Allows spread of action potential (gap junction) |
| Purkinje fibers | Modified cardiac muscle cells. Conduction system. |
| Cardiac m. vs Skeletal m. | Fewer T-tubules due to less well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum (dyads) also allowing for continued leakage of Ca2+ causing automatic contractions. |
| Smooth muscle morphology(visceral muscle) | Small, fusiform cells with single, centrally located nuclei. Irregularly branching bundles. No striations. Collagenous tissue between individual cells. |
| Locations of smooth muscle | Around hollow organs (blood vessels, intestines, uterus, respiratory tract) |
| True or False: Smooth m. is under voluntary control. | FALSE: contracts independent of neurological innervation, hormones and local metabolites modulate contractions. |
| Smooth m. cells are specialized to produce what type of contractions? | Slow, low-force, long lasting contractions. Peristalsis |
| Do smooth m. cells have any communication? | Yes, electrical communication between cells. |
| Layers of smooth muscle include? | Inner circular and outer longitudinal |
| Gap Junctions of smooth m. | Found in smooth m. allowing AP's to move between cells (electrical communication) |
| Caveolae of smooth m. | Invaginations of plasma membranes that function as T tubules |
| Dense bodies of smooth m. | Anchor points for thin filaments, on plasma membrane and in cytoplasm |
| External lamina of smooth m. | Extracellular glycoprotein coat |
Created by:
Jacque1417
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