Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

ANSC4045 - week 4

farm animal repro - hormonal control + onset of puberty

TermDefinition
hypothalamus • specialized ventral portion of the brain • hypothalamic nuclei: groups of nerve cell bodies
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system • allows minute quantities of releasing hormones to act on the anterior pituitary before being diluted by the general circulation • nerve endings from surge + tonic centers terminate at blood vessels here
portal system • delivery of hormone or regulatory molecule from one tissue to another without entering general circulation
hormones • produced by a gland and act on a target tissue through specific receptors • relatively short half-lives
positive feedback in hormonal control • hormone stimulates target tissue to produce a substance --> this substance stimulates production of more of the original hormone • ex: FSH + LH --> estrogen from follicle --> GnRH from hypothalamus --> LH surge --> ovulation
negative feedback in hormonal control • hormone stimulates target tissue to produce a substance --> this substance inhibits production of the original hormone • ex: LH stimulates ovary to produce progesterone --> decreases GnRH, FSH, and LH production --> incomplete follicular development
three ways to classify hormones 1. source 2. mode of action 3. biochemical classification
reproductive hormones from the hypothalamus • releasing factors
reproductive hormones from both pituitary lobes • gonadotropins, somatotropin, prolactin, oxytocin
reproductive hormones from the gonads • steroids
reproductive hormones from the uterus • prostaglandins, steroids
reproductive hormones from the placenta • steroids, others
actions of reproductive releasing hormones • stimulate the release of other hormones
actions of reproductive gonadotropins • stimulate the gonads
actions of reproductive steroids • sexual promotion
other actions of reproductive hormones • pregnancy maintenance • luteolysis: destruction of corpus luteum
biochemical structure of peptide hormones • chain of less than 20 amino acids
biochemical structure of protein hormones • chain of more than 20 amino acids
biochemical structure of steroid hormones • 4 carbon ring core: cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene
biochemical structure of prostaglandins • 20 carbon unsaturated fatty acids
peptide hormones • hypothalamic + releasing hormones • neuropeptides: GHRH + GnRH, produced by neural cells in small quantities, short half lives
protein hormones • prolactin: non-glycosylated, single polypeptide chain • relaxin: non-glycosylated, two-chain polypeptide • glycoproteins: glycosylated --> more stable + longer half life; FSH + LH + TSH share similar structure
similar structures of glycoproteins • FSH + LH + TSH • alpha subunit is common among the three hormones but beta subunit is unique for each one
steroid hormones • four carbon rings A, B, C, D • synthesized from cholesterol: multistep pathway, common intermediates
transformation of cholesterol to estradiol • cholesterol --> pregnenolone --> progesterone --> testosterone --> estradiol • each step occurs by an enzymatic conversion
prostaglandins • F2-alpha + E2: partial control of ovulation • 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acids derived from arachidonic acid • short half-lives
action of prostaglandin F2-alpha • luteolysis: destruction of corpus luteum
three domains of a transmembrane receptor 1. extracellular domain 2. transmembrane domain 3. intracellular domain
cAMP second messenger system • protein hormones interacts with cell surface receptor • triggers G protein --> adenylate cyclase --> cAMP --> protein kinases
slow response action • primary mode of action for steroid hormones • steroid diffuses through cell membrane --> cytoplasmic receptor --> new protein products
three patterns of reproductive hormonal secretion 1. episodic / fast: fast spurts of large amounts of hormone 2. basal / background: consistent hormone production with small fluctuations 3. sustained / consistent: gradual increase
metabolism of steroid hormones • metabolized by liver, excreted in urine + feces
metabolism of protein hormones • degraded in liver + kidneys
metabolism of glycohormones • longer half-life due to presence of carbohydrates
metabolism of steroid hormones • metabolized more slowly than peptide + protein hormones
Created by: junoreg
Popular Agriculture sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards