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Wound & Bandaging
Ch 27: Wound Management & Bandaging
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abrasion | An area of skin that has been superficially scraped, creating a wound |
| Carpel Flexion Sling | Forelimb sling used in small animals that flexes the wrist joint and is used to protect flexor tendon repair and prevent weight bearing while allowing movement of the elbow and the shoulder |
| Collagen | Proteins that make up most of the skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and other connective tissue |
| Contralateral | The opposite side |
| Cytotoxic | Agent or process that kills cells. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are forms of cytotoxic therapy |
| Dead Space | Space between tissues created by a wound, allowing accumulation of fluid |
| Debridement | Removal of foreign matter and dead tissue from a wound |
| Decubitus Ulers | Pressure sores (bed sores) that develop when an animal lies on a bony prominence for too long |
| Degloving Injury | Injury—typically to the distal limb—in which a large section of skin is torn off the underlying tissue in a glove-like fashion |
| Dermis | The vascular, thick layer of the skin lying below the epidermis |
| Ehmer Sling | Pelvic limb sling used in small animals that prevents weight bearing and helps force the femoral head into the acetabulum by abduction and internal rotation of the femur |
| Eschar | A thick, leathery, black layer of dead tissue; a scab, especially after a burn |
| Epidermis | Outermost layer of the skin |
| Epithelialization | Process of wound coverage by epithelial cells during the final stage of the proliferative phase of wound healing |
| External Coaptation | Use of a rigid external device such as a bandage, splint, or cast to align fractures |
| Extracellular Matrix | Meshwork-like substance attached to the outer cell surface that provides support and anchorage |
| Exuberant Granulation Tissue | Excessive formation of vascularized fibrous tissue (granulation tissue) in an open wound |
| Fibroblasts | Cells that are recruited into a wound during the proliferative phase of wound healing that help form granulation tissue |
| First-Degree Burn | Superficial burn on the outermost layer of the skin (epidermis) |
| Fourth-Degree Burn | Involves tissue extending beyond the dermis, including muscle, tendon, and bone |
| Granulation Tissue | Vascularized fibrous tissue that covers a full-thickness skin wound if the wound is left to heal by second intention |
| Hypertonic | Having an osmolality higher than that of blood and providing electrolytes in greater proportion than water |
| Inflammatory Phase | The first phase of wound healing. Characterized by formation of a blood clot within the wound, release of growth factors, and recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils to clean up the wound and to modulate healing |
| Inguinal | Pertaining to the groin area |
| Isostonic | Having the same osmolality as that of blood |
| Lacerations | Sharp cut or tear through the skin and possibly deeper tissues |
| Maturation Phase | The third and final phase of wound healing. During this phase, collagen fibers remodel and align, and there is a final gain in wound strength |
| Modified Robert Jones Bandage | Bandage that is similar to a Robert Jones bandage but with a much thinner secondary layer |
| Modified Thomas Splint | Traction splint constructed of rods; used to stabilize long-bone fractures in large animals |
| Moist Wound Healing | Maintaining a moist wound environment by using an occlusive or semiocclusive primary bandage layer |
| Myofibroblast | Type of fibroblast with contractile properties similar to those of smooth muscle cells, which are responsible for wound contraction |
| Negative Pressure Wound Therapy | The controlled application of a vacuum to a wound; wounds with extensive dead space and a large amount of expected fluid production, or before use of skin flaps and grafts |
| Nonadherent Dressing | Primary layer that does not adhere firmly to the wound surface |
| Non-occlusive | Permeable to moisture and air; used in reference to bandage materials |
| Passive Drian | A drain that functions by allowing fluid to flow along the drain surface as the result of capillary action (e.g., the Penrose drain) |
| Penetrating Wounds | Injuries that often cause extensive injury to deeper tissues not apparent on inspection of the skin, making them challenging to assess; these wounds can be caused by factors such as bites, bullets, arrows, sticks, and antlers |
| Primary Closure | Surgical closure of a fresh, clean wound, leading to primary intention healing |
| Occlusive | Impermeable to moisture. Used in reference to bandage materials. An occlusive primary layer is used for moist wound healing |
| Primary Intention Wound Healing | Healing of a wound across a surgically closed incision |
| Proliferative Phase | The second phase of wound healing; characterized by invasion of fibroblasts, formation of granulation tissue, deposition of collagen, epithelialization across healthy granulation tissue, and wound contraction by myofibroblasts |
| Re-epithelialization | Regrowth of epithelial cells over a wound. Cells advance in a single layer across the wound until they meet in the middle when migration stops as the result of contact inhibition |
| Robert Jones Bandage | Distal limb bandage for which a large amount of rolled cotton is used; aids in immobilization of fractures. Rigid material can be incorporated into this bandage |
| Second-Degree Burn | The result of full-thickness epidermal and partial-thickness dermal injury |
| Second Intention Wound Healing | Healing of a wound by granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and contraction |
| Secondary Closure | Wound that has formed healthy granulation tissue and is then closed by apposing the skin over the granulation tissue |
| Semi-occlusive | Allowing air and moisture to move through. Used in reference to bandage materials. A semi-occlusive primary layer is used for moist wound healing |
| Spica Splint | A splint that maintains the forelimb or the pelvic limb in extension through application of a soft-padded bandage and a strong lateral support splint that curves over the shoulder or pelvis |
| Third-Degree Burn | Full-thickness injuries of the epidermis and deep-layer dermis, characterized by a thick, leathery, black layer of dead tissue called eschar, and are insensitive to the touch |
| Third Intention Wound Healing | Healing of a wound that has already formed granulation tissue and undergone secondary closure |
| Velpeau Sling | Non–weight-bearing forelimb sling that flexes the entire limb; primarily used for medial shoulder luxation |
| Active Drain | Commonly referred to as closed-suction drains; create a vacuum within the wound and allow wound fluid to be removed via a rigid fenestrated drain into an external collection container |
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