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Toxicology
Ch 26: Toxicology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acids | Compounds whose water-based solutions have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, and can combine with metals to form salts and yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water |
| Adsorbent | Solid substance that attracts and holds a substance to its surface |
| Alkali | Alkaline substances produce hydroxide ions on contact with water; alkaline or basic chemicals found in numerous bathroom and household cleaners, alkaline batteries, and cement |
| Anticoagulant | Additives used in blood collection bags for blood banking to keep blood from clotting; a substance that hinders the clotting of blood |
| Antimeteics | Drug used to treat or prevent vomiting |
| Cathartics | Medications that through their chemical effects serve to promote the clearing of intestinal contents |
| Cationic Detergents | Nonsoap surfactants that are in a positive state; can be found in fabric softeners, germicides, disinfectants, and sanitizers, and are rapidly absorbed and may produce severe local and systemic toxicity |
| Emetic | Agents used to induce vomiting |
| Enterohepatic Recicrulation | Occurs with some compounds that are metabolized in the liver. The metabolites are emptied in the bile and are reabsorbed in the small intestines |
| Gastric Lavage | Irrigation of the stomach, the contents of which are gently pumped out; usually done to remove ingested poisons |
| Hydrocarbon | Any of a large class of organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Examples include natural gas, propane, butane, kerosene, gasoline, and motor oil |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Acidosis resulting from excess acid in the blood caused by abnormal metabolism, excessive acid intake, renal retention, or excessive loss of bicarbonate (as in diarrhea) |
| Nonsteroidal Anit-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) | Large group of anti-inflammatory agents that work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins |
| Toxicosis (pl. toxicoses) | Any disease of toxic origin; a pathological condition caused by the action of a poison or toxin |
| Toxin | A poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable |
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