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Emergency & Critical
Ch 25: Emergency & Critical Care Nursing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abdominocentesis | Sampling of free fluid within the peritoneal space |
| Acidosis | Elevated levels of metabolic acids within blood or tissue |
| Arrhythmia | Abnormal heartbeat rhythm detected during palpation of the chest or pulse during auscultation or recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) |
| Asystoe | Type of arrhythmia characterized by a “flat line,” or the absence of heartbeats |
| Atrial Fibrillation | Very rapid, uncoordinated contractions of the atria of the heart, resulting in lack of synchronism between heartbeat and pulse beat |
| Atrial Premature Complexes | Premature contractions of the atria initiated by one of the atria from a location other than the normal sinus heartbeat, which originates in the sinoatrial node |
| Azotemia | Condition in which blood has increased concentrations of nitrogenous wastes |
| Borborygmi | Rumbling noises caused by propulsion of gas and ingesta through the intestines (sing. borborygmus) |
| Capillary Refill Time | Time required for blood to refill the small capillary beds of the mucous membranes after digital blanching |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation | Emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing |
| Chest Tube | Flexible tube inserted through the intercostal muscles into the pleural space |
| Choke | Obstruction of the esophagus |
| Colic | Severe abdominal pain of sudden onset caused by a variety of conditions, including obstruction, twisting, and spasm of the intestine |
| Defibrillation | Process of converting a fibrillation arrhythmia to a normal heartbeat (usually via electrical shock with a defibrillator) |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | Pattern of generalized concurrent intravascular thrombosis and bleeding. This is among the most serious complications of shock |
| Down Animals | Animals that are not able to stand |
| Dystocia | Difficult birth |
| Electrocardiography | Measurement of the electrical conductance of the heart; ECG rhythm strips |
| Endometrial | Belonging to the mucous membrane lining the uterus |
| Eructation | Act or instance of belching |
| Fetatome | Device used to cut a dead fetus into smaller parts that can be more easily extracted vaginally when a fetotomy is performed |
| Fetotomy | Procedure in which a dead fetus is cut into smaller pieces so that it can be extracted vaginally |
| Hypovolemia | Decreased circulating blood volume |
| Hypoxemia | Low blood oxygen levels |
| Hypoxia | Low tissue oxygen levels |
| Jugular Vein | Consists of paired veins running in the neck that drain the brain, face, and neck |
| Mastitis | Inflammation of the mammary gland |
| Metritis | Inflammation of the uterus |
| Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) | A complication of shock in which generalized microvascular clotting causes sufficient organ damage to result in failure of multiple organs |
| Perineal | The area between the anus and the dorsal part of the external genitalia, especially in the female |
| Pneumothorax | Abnormal accumulation of air in the space between the rib cage and the lung |
| Pulse Oximeter | Instrument used to non invasively measure the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. This value serves as an indirect assessment of the animal’s oxygenation status |
| Regional Nerve Block | Procedure whereby a relatively small amount of local anesthetic is injected near a nerve, causing desensitization to a larger area on the body |
| Rumen Tympany | Rumen distention with air; commonly referred to as bloat |
| Rumenostomy | Surgical procedure whereby a permanent hole is created from the skin into the rumen |
| Sepsis | A state of systemic inflammation characterized by deteriorating vital signs and the presence of infection |
| Syncope | Fainting |
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) | Widespread inflammation caused by an underlying disease process. Often causes generalized tissue damage and can be a complication of shock |
| Tachycardia | Rapid heart rate |
| Tachypnea | Fast, shallow breathing |
| Thoracocentesis | A procedure in which air or fluid is removed from the chest (pleural space) using a syringe and needle aseptically |
| Thromboembolism | Formation of a blood clot that lodges in or obstructs a blood vessel |
| Tracheostomy | Surgical creation of a hole from the skin to the trachea |
| Transfaunation | Transfer of beneficial microorganisms from the rumen of one individual to that of another |
| Triage | The act of sorting patients quickly into groups on the basis of a rapid initial assessment of disease or injury severity |
| Tube Cystostomy | Surgical procedure in which a Foley catheter is placed through the abdominal wall and into the bladder |
| Tympany | Hollow sound produced when a body cavity containing air is sharply tapped |
| Urethral Process | The portion of the urethra that extends beyond the end of the glans penis in the male goat, sheep, and horse |
| Urethrostomy | A surgical procedure that creates a permanent opening in the urethra |
| Urolithiasis | The process of forming stones in the urinary tract |
| Uterine Prolapse | Condition that occurs when the uterus folds inside-out through an open cervix and protrudes through the vulvar lips |
| Uterine Torsion | Condition in which the uterus twists, preventing delivery of the fetus |
| Ventricular Premature Complexes | Premature contraction of the ventricles, initiated by one of the ventricles from a location other than the normal cardiac conduction system |
| Ventricular Tachycardia | An abnormally high heart rate initiated and sustained by one of the ventricles outside the normal cardiac conduction system |
| Tracheotomy | Surgical act of making an incision on the ventral aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea |
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