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ISSA Ch 3 - The Body
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nervous Tissue | Neurons that transmit signals to and from other neurons, muscles or glands - Communicate chemical messages |
| Neuroglia | Cells in the brain and spinal cord |
| Neurosecretory Tissue | translate neural signals into chemical stimuli |
| Cell Body | Core and Structure of the cell |
| Axon | Tail of the cell |
| Dendrites | rootlike structures off the cel body that receive and process signals |
| CNS - composition and purpose | Brain & Spinal Cord ,control center of the body, recieves input, organize, analyze and process |
| PNS composition and purpose | All nerves outside CNS convey motor commands Carry sensory info to CNS Regulate invol functions |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the Brain that receives and processes info |
| Cerebellum | below cerebrum - Controlls motor function |
| Brain Stem | Trunk of the brain |
| Pons | links medulla ablongotta to the thalmus controls sleep, breathing, facial expression, movement and posture |
| Medulla Oblongotta | Base of brain stem Coughing, sneezing, swallowing, heart function |
| Cerebral Cortex | Where most of the information in the brain is processed |
| Cranial Nerves (How Many) (Where) | 12 - Direct from Brain |
| Spinal Nerves (how many) Where) | 31 Nerves bundles from spinal cord to periphery |
| Ganglia | structures containing bundles of nerve cells that act as a relay for nerve signals |
| Afferent signals | Arrive at the CNS |
| Efferent Signals | Exit the CNS |
| Somatic N.S. | Voluntary |
| Autonomic N.S. | Involuntary |
| Sympathetic N.S. | Part of the autonomic NS - Fight or flight |
| Para sympathetic N.S. | Part of the autonomic NS - Rest and Digest |
| Internal Sensory impulses happen? | Messages from inside the body |
| External Sensory Impulses happen? | messages from outside the body |
| Mechano receptors | N.S. receptors responding to mechano stimulis -touch -temp -sound |
| Proprioreceptors | Where the body is in space |
| Types of Mechanoreceptors | Tactile - Touch Proprio - position/spacial awareness Baro - Blood pressure |
| Myelin Sheath | insulation around the nerves that increase the speed that stimuli is sent to the CNS |
| Low Threshold Nerves | Large Myelination that conduct signals quickly |
| High threshold Nerves | Less/smaller myelnation that conduct signals slower and less sensitive |
| Nerve impulses | Collection of signals from receptors |
| Sensory integration | How the nerve impulses are used |
| Morot unit | A single motor neuron that corresponds to a group of muscle fibers |
| Motor pool | a group of moror unitws that work together to cause muscle contraction |
| Extrafusal muscle fibers | standard skeletal muscle that creates mechanical work |
| Alpha motor neurons | Motor neurons that originate in the brain & S.C. and initiate muscle contraction |
| excitation contraction coupling | process converting neural impulse into mechanical response |
| Action Potential | A nerve impulse sent to skeletal muscle fibers (explosion of electrical activity |
| All or none principle | A nerve either fires or it doesn't regardless of the magnitude of stimuli |
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