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ANSC4045 - quiz [1]
for exam 1: female repro, male repro, embryogenesis, hormonal ctrl
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| T / F : In order to meet the goal of a cow having a calf every year, attempts to breed her must begin between 40 - 60 days after calving. | • true |
| ovine gestation length | • 5 months (150 days) |
| equine gestation length | • 11 months (336 days) |
| porcine gestation length | • 3.8 months (115 days) • or 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days |
| bovine gestation length | • 9 months (282 days) |
| Estrogen (estradiol) is one of the major hormones produced by the ovary. What is the other major hormone produced by the ovary? | • progesterone |
| In the species [1], the lining of the uterus has [2] known as [3], which will become the [4] portion of the placenta. | 1. cow + ewe 2. non-glandular protuberances 3. caruncles 4. maternal |
| In the species [1], the lining of the uterus does not have caruncles. | 1. sow + mare |
| Starting from the outside of the body, the major parts of the female reproductive tract are: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. | 1. external genitalia 2. vagina 3. cervix 4. uterus 5. oviduct 6. ovaries |
| mucosa layer (of the antral follicle) | • single layer of secretory epithelia cells surrounding the lumen |
| primary follicles | • oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cuboidal follicular cells |
| primordial follicles | • oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells |
| muscularis (uterine) | • double layer of smooth muscle |
| ovaries | • primary function is to produce gametes (oocytes) |
| submucosa layer (uterine) | • houses blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics |
| T / F : The bulbourethral glands in the boar are larger than they are in other domestic species such as the bull and ram. | • true |
| T / F : Bulls, boars, and rams have a fibroelastic penis which includes the sigmoid flexure in the shaft of the penis. | • true |
| One of the functions of the testes is the production of the hormone [1], which is synthesized by the [2] located within the [3] of the testicular parenchyma. | 1. testosterone 2. Leydig cells 3. interstitial compartment |
| Testes are covered by a dynamic sub-organ called the [1]. This sub-organ includes the [2] which contains [3] that allow small contractions to move spermatozoa. | 1. testicular capsule 2. tunica albuginea 3. smooth muscle fibers |
| The shaft of the penis includes two areas of spongy erectile tissue. The major area of erectile tissue is known as the: | • corpus cavernosum |
| There are two cell types within the [1], the site where spermatogensis occurs. The [2] serves as an anchor for [3] cells, which surround the population of germ cells. | 1. seminiferous tubules 2. basement membrane 3. Sertoli |
| What prevents the immunological destruction of developing germ cells? | • blood-testis barrier |
| male anatomy: involved in temperature regulation, testicular hormone concentration, and pulse elimination | • pampiniform plexus |
| male anatomy: capable of sustained contractions to help in temperature regulation | • tunica dartos |
| male anatomy: heavily populated with sweat glands that contribute to testicular temperature regulation | • scrotal skin |
| The testicular parenchyma houses the major cellar mass of the testes. It consists of: [1], [2] | 1. tubular compartment 2. interstitial compartment |
| In what species does a female born twin to a male demonstrate varying degrees of masculinization? | • bovine |
| The [1] chromosome contains a gene coding for a specific protein that triggers male reproductive development. Sertoli cells secrete [2], which in the company of [3] secreted by Leydig cells, promotes degeneration of the [4]. | 1. Y 2. anti-Mullerian hormone 3. testosterone 4. paramesonephric ducts |
| T / F : In most mammalian species, the sex of the embryo is determined by chromosomal content established by the end of the first trimester of the pregnancy. | • false: chromosomal content, including sex chromosomes, is established at fertilization |
| Which parts of the reproductive tract (male or female) develop from the ectoderm? | 1. vestibule 2. penis 3. clitoris |
| embryogenesis: shrinkage of the gubernaculum within the scrotum | • inguinal-scrotal phase |
| embryogenesis: failure of testicles to descend | • cryptorchidism |
| embryogenesis: network of tubules connecting seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts | • rete testis |
| The pituitary gland's embryonic origins allow each lobe to produce and secrete different products. The [1] consists of specialized glandular cells, secreting hormones such as [2]. The [3] develops from neuronal tissue and secretes hormones such as [4]. | 1. adenohypophysis 2. follicle stimulating hormone 3. neurohypophysis 4. oxytocin |
| Germ layer that forms the digestive system, lungs, and endocrine system: | • endoderm |
| Germ layer that forms the nervous system, skin, and hair: | • ectoderm |
| Germ layer that forms the muscular, cardiovascular, and most of the reproductive system: | • mesoderm |
| T/F : During migration in fetal development, primordial germ cells increase in number through mitotic cellular division. | • true |
| The primary mechanism of action of steroid hormones is the [1] mechanism. In this process, the hormone enters the cell and interacts with [2] that act as transcription factors to produce specific mRNAs. | 1. slow response 2. intracytoplasmic receptors |
| hormonal control: delivery of small quantities of regulatory substance from one tissue to another without entering general circulation | • portal system |
| hormonal control: substance produced by target tissue stimulates production of more stimulating hormone | • positive feedback |
| hormonal control: substance produced by target tissue inhibits production of stimulating hormone | • negative feedback |
| hormonal control: substance produced by an organ which travels through general circulation and affects a target tissue | • hormone |
| source of testosterone | • Leydig cells |
| source of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | • adenohypophysis |
| source of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | • hypothalamus |
| source of progesterone | • corpus luteum |
| Protein hormones cause a response in target cells through the second messenger: | • cAMP |
| An example of negative feedback is the decrease in FSH + LH production by the pituitary caused by production of {1] by the ovary. | 1. progesterone |
| An example of positive feedback is the LH surge that causes ovulation as a response to an increase of: | • estrogen |
| T / F : the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system allows minute quantities of releasing hormones to act on the posterior pituitary before being diluted by general circulation. | • false: releasing hormones act on the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) |
| T / F : glycoprotein (FSH, LH, TSH) structure consists of two subunits, with the alpha subunit being shared between the three hormones and the beta subunit being unique for each hormone. | • true |
Created by:
junoreg
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