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General Pharmacology
Ch 1: General Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adverse Drug Event | Harm to a patient caused by a therapeutic or preventive intervention. It could be due to a medication error or adverse drug reaction. |
| Adverse Drug Reaction | An undesirable response to a drug by a patient. It may vary in severity from mild to fatal. |
| Agonist | A drug that brings about a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor. |
| Antagonist | A drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor. |
| Bioavailability | Measure of the degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches systemic circulation. |
| Compounding | Any manipulation (e.g., diluting, combining) performed to produce a dosage-form drug, other than the manipulations described in the directions for use on the labeling of an approved drug product. |
| Drug | A substance used to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease. |
| Efficacy | The extent to which a drug causes the intended effects in a patient. |
| Extralabel Use | The use of a drug that is not specifically listed on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved label. |
| First-Pass Effect | Some orally administered drugs are rapidly metabolized in the liver; the concentration of the drug is greatly reduced before it reaches systemic circulation. |
| Half-Life | The amount of time (usually expressed in hours) that it takes for the quantity of a drug in the body to be reduced by 50%. |
| Legend | Legend drugs are required by law to be dispensed on or by the order of a licensed veterinarian or physician. |
| Loading Dose | It is an initial higher dose of a drug given at the beginning of a treatment to rapidly achieve a therapeutic concentration in the body. |
| Manufacturing | The bulk production of drugs for resale outside of the veterinarian–client–patient relationship. |
| Metabolism (Biotransformation) | The biochemical process that alters a drug from an active form to a form that is inactive or that can be eliminated from the body. |
| Over-The-Counter Drugs | A drug that can be purchased without a prescription; these drugs contain ingredients that are safe or have low concentrations of an active ingredient. |
| Parenteral | The route of administration of injectable drugs. |
| Partition Coefficient | The ratio of the solubility of substances (e.g., gas anesthetics) between two states in which they may be found (e.g., blood and gas, gas and rubber goods). |
| Prescription (Legend) Drug | A drug that is limited to use under the supervision of a veterinarian because of potential danger, difficulty of administration, or other considerations. |
| Regimen | A program for administration of a drug that includes the route, the dose (how much), the frequency (how often), and the duration (for how long) of administration. |
| Residue | An amount of a drug still present in animal tissue or products (e.g., meat, milk, eggs) at a particular point (slaughter or collection). |
| Therapeutic Index | Relationship between a drug’s ability to achieve the desired effect and its tendency to produce toxic effects. |
| Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR) | The set of circumstances that must exist between the veterinarian, the client, and the patient before the dispensing of prescription drugs is appropriate. |
| Withdrawal Time | The period of time from when the last dose of medication is administered to when the animal can be slaughtered for food or milk and eggs can be consumed safely. |
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