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General Pharmacology
Ch 1: General Pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adverse Drug Event | Harm to a patient caused by drug administration (therapeutic or diagnostic reasons), potentially due to medication error or adverse drug reaction |
| Adverse Drug Reaction | Harm to a patient caused by the inherent properties of the drug itself |
| Agonist | A drug that activates specific receptors and causes a specific action |
| Antagonist | A drug that blocks another drug from combining with a receptor, preventing its action |
| Bioavailability | The degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches systemic circulation |
| Compounding | Any manipulation of a drug by combining, mixing, or altering ingredients to create a different dosage form than what is approved by the FDA, to meet a specific patient's needs |
| Drug | Any substance that, when administered to a living organism, modifies one or more of its functions |
| Efficacy | The degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient |
| Extralabel Use | Using a drug in a way not specified by its label, under veterinary supervision |
| First-Pass Effect | Metabolism of orally administered drugs by the liver before they reach the general circulation, potentially reducing their activity |
| Half-Life | The time required for the amount of drug present in the body to be reduced by one half |
| Loading Dose | A high initial dose of a drug administered to quickly achieve therapeutic concentrations |
| Manufacturing | The process of producing drugs |
| Metabolism (Biotransformation) | The body's ability to chemically change a drug into a form that can be eliminated. Primarily occurs in the liver |
| Over-The-Counter Drugs | Drugs that are safe enough or have low enough concentrations of active ingredients not to require veterinary supervision for administration |
| Parenteral | Drugs administered by injection (e.g., IV, IM, SC) |
| Partition Coefficient | A measure of a drug's lipid (fat) solubility. A high coefficient indicates enhanced drug absorption |
| Prescription (Legend) Drug | Drugs with potential toxic effects or requiring trained personnel for administration, requiring a veterinarian's supervision. Labeled with "Caution: Federal law restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian." |
| Regimen | The plan for administering a drug, including route, dose, frequency, and duration |
| Residue | Quantities of drug that remain in animal products (e.g., milk, eggs, meat) when consumed |
| Therapeutic Index | The relationship between a drug's desired effect and its toxic effects (ratio of LD50/ED50). A larger index indicates greater safety |
| Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR) | A valid relationship required for a veterinarian to prescribe or dispense medication |
| Withdrawal Time | The period after drug administration during which an animal product (e.g., milk, meat) cannot be used for human consumption due to drug residues |
| Pharmacology | The study of how drugs interact with living systems |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | The study of the uses of drugs in veterinary medicine, including indications (reasons for use) and contraindications (reasons for not using) |
| Pharmacokinetics | The study of what happens to drugs once they enter the body, encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion |
| Pharmacodynamics | The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body |
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