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Principles of Soils
Final Questions
| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| What are most residual soils made of? | Parent material |
| What soil texture holds the most water? Which soil texture has drainage problems? Which soil texture has the best aeration? | Silt loam; Clay; Sand |
| What is decomposed organic matter called? What element is organic matter mostly made of? | Humus; Carbon |
| What are two benefits earthworms provide to soils? | Improve aeration; Improve soil aggregation; Improve nutrient dynamics |
| Peat is mostly made up of organic matter, why is it the first choice for potted plants? | Value of organic matter; Holds water and has better aeration at the same time |
| Why is hot soil in summer a concern? | Root growth; Seed germination; Plants have a specific growing temperature, and if the soil is to high for that temperature, root growth and seed germination will be a problem. |
| What species of microbe lives in legume nodules and provide Nitrogen? | Rhizobium bacteria |
| what beneficial fungi helps absorb nutrients like phosphorus? | Mychorrizae |
| What are the ways that parent materials were transported? | Till (glacial/ice); Alluvial/Alluvium (Water); Colluvial/Colluvium (Gravity); Eolian (wind deposit) |
| Why is the soil color in South-Western Kansas Red? | Iron |
| What type of soil that most like cottage cheese? | granular |
| What are the benefits of a soil with a high CEC (cation exchange capacity)? | higher number of more nutrients able to be held and stored |
| How do plant obtain elements such as Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen(O)? | Photosynthesis |
| Soil Horizons? | O, A, E, B, C, R |
| O Horizon | 100% organic matter |
| A Horizon | organic matter/sand, silt, clay; high biological activity |
| E Horizon | leaching removed materials; may or may not be there depending on leaching conditions; |
| B Horizon | subsoils |
| C Horizon | partly altered parent material |
| R Horizon | consolidated bedrock |
| What are the 5 soil forming factors? | Parent Material; Climate; Topography; Biosphere/organisms; Time |
| What are 2 benefits that manure and cover crops provide? | Organic Matter; Nutrients; increased soil microbial activity |
| What are some strategies to block wind erosion? What are some strategies to block water erosion? | Tree line, shelter belt/windbreak; Terraces |
| What are some concerns about soil crusts? | Restricted Emergence; Reduces Oxygen; Water Infiltration |
| Compaction causes what to happen to % of porosity? Compaction causes what to happen to the bulk density? | % Porosity - Decreases; Bulk Density - Increases |
| What can you do to prevent soil compaction? | Stay off wet soils; No-till; Drive in same wheel tracks; muliple axles vs duels |
| What is the primary purpose of the plow? | lower water table below root zone |
| What are two reason soil pH of 6.5-7 are the most desired pH levels? | Where most nutrients most available; Toxicity; Nutrient Availability |
| What are 2 soil propertied damaged by tillage? | Organic Matter; Structure/Aggregates; Water Content/Infiltration; Surface Residue |
| What chemical problem can be solved by adding lime to the soil? | raise the soil pH |
| What chemical problem can cause crusting? What can be added to solve the problem? | Sodic soils; gypsum solves the problem |
Created by:
horktera
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