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Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Power | the ability to make others do what you want them to do |
| Egalitarian societies | those that strive for equality in terms of rights, opportunities, and treatment for all individuals, regardless of their background, gender, or socioeconomic status. (Indus Valley Civilizations) |
| Legitimacy | is the general acceptance and recognition of an authority, usually a governing body, as being rightful and lawful. (Democratic elections) |
| Ranked society | is a social system in which individuals or groups are hierarchically ordered based on status, power, or wealth. (Hindu Caste system) |
| Stratified society | a clear division of people into different social strata. (Ancient Rome - aristocrats, commoners, slaves) |
| State society | centralized government: centrialized authority, bureaucracy, permanent settlements. (Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia) |
| Chiefdoms | a form of social organization that fall between tribal societies and fully developed states. Typically a chief holds significant power and often inherits their position |
| Urban society | high concentration of population in cities and towns, where the mahority live in densely populated areas. (New York City) |
| V. Gordon Childe | Known for the term Neolithic revolution, urban revolution, culture-historical archaeology, and Marxist archaeology. Had criteria for identifying an urban society |
| Empire | A large political entity with extensive territories and diverse populations, unified under a central authority (Roman Empire) |
| Stonehenge | located on Salisbury plain, between 3000 BC and 1600 BC. A ring of massive upright stones. Religious purposes, cremated bodies found in the ditches. Where the dead reside. |
| Trilithons | Made of sandstone, set up in 5 pairs, size of a school bus from Messena to SUNY, |
| Bluestones | Found in wales, carrying a Toyota from Albany to SUNY. Outside of the circle. |
| Salisbury Plain | Auon river, has stonehenge and woodhenge |
| Durrington Walls | Large neolithic settlement not far from the woodhenge and stonehenge |
| Amesbury Archer | skeleton found at stonehenge |
| Pueblo Bonito | 650 rooms covering nearly 2 acres, found in New Mexico near the four corners region. Trades goods with surrounding civilizations (Turquoise found in both Mayans and here) |
| Chaco Canyon | Where pueblo Bonito was found |
| Great houses | Remarkable examples of Chacoan architecture and engineering. Massive stone walls and multi-storied construction. |
| Kivas | Circular rooms used for religion and ceremonial. Still used today by indigenous peoples |
| Monk's mound | largest pyramid north of Mesoamerica, where the center of Cahokia was, where the leader (chiefs) would have stayed. Religious and housed temples |
| Cahokia | Largest urban settlement, modern NYC. About 120 mounds. |
| Tigris and Euphrates | Rivers that flow through Mesopotamia, flow north to south, from the Persian Gulf |
| Pre-dynastic period | 3200 BC, they believed that their kings and queens were descended from the city gods, that the gods wanted those kings. |
| Ziggurat | A large temple, terraced, stepped temple tower. Multiple levels, built for worship, mostly used by priests and leaders. |
| Bevel Rim Bowl | All look the same, used by the commoners of Uruk, measuring of grain rations (Star Wars scene with Rey on the planet Jakku) |
| Royal tombs at Ur | A collection of tombs for the kings and queens, buried with gold, art, a golden bull head and other gifts, evidence of human sacrifice |
| Cuneiform | a writing system that uses wedge-shaped impressions to represent characters. |
| Saqqara | Is one of Egypt's most significant archaeology sites. Served as the necropolis for the ancient city of Memphis (death). Housed the step pyramid, royal tombs and mastabas. |
| King Djoser | First pharaoh of the Third Dynasty. Best known for the Step Pyramid. |
| Giza | Most famous for the three pyramids and the Great Sphinx. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world |
| Cheops, Cepheren, Mycerinus | The three kings of buried in the pyramids. Cheops (Khufu), Cepheren (Khafre), Mycerinus (Menkaure) |
| Boat burials | Boats were buried at the base of the pyramids to occopany the pharaohs in the afterlife. |
| Narmer Palette | An engraved plate with scenes of King Narmer conquering his enemies and uniting Upper and Lower Egypt. The start of one king of egypt instead of two |
| Hierakonpolis | Was a major center of power before the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. The religious and political capital of Upper Egypt. |
| Abydos | Royal necropolis, the early burial place for the royals. |
| Cylinder Seals | Small objects in Mesopotamia used for sealing documents and marking ownership. |
| Coercion | using force, threats, or imtimidation to compel someone to act against their will. Force them to bow down to the king through fear. (Dictatorship) |
| Consensus | Decision-making process that seeks agreement forom all members of a group (Democracy - presidental election) |
| Harappa | Archaeology site as part of the Indus Valley Civilization. |
| City States | Independent, self-governing entities that consist of a single city and its surrounding territory. (Athens, Sparta, Ur, Venice, the Vatician City) |
| Emerald Acropolis | Boroughs. many huts for medicine and sickness. |
| Infrastructure | the physical systems that support a region, business, or nation. (Roads, sewage, buildings, Roman aqueducts) |
| City Planning | involves the design and regulation of the use of space in urban spaces. Dividing a city into zones, having a good sewage system for large populatons (not like philadelphia) |
| Stepped Pyramid | The first pyramid to be built by Djoser, six mastaba-like layers staked on top of each other. |
| Bent Pyramid | Pyramid built by Sneferu, who built it too quickly after his first one collapsed, then successfully built the smooth pyramid with help from Khufu (his son) |
Created by:
gallagsm206
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