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CPII Exam 3
Lecture 9: Blood Parasites (minus HW)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| common blood parasites | mycoplasmas, anaplasma sp, cytauxzoon felis, babesia sp, ehrlichia sp |
| mycoplasma haemofelis | common infectious agent of ERYTHROCYTES in CATS |
| mycoplasma haemofelis APPEARANCE | small coccoid, rod-shaped or ring-like structure that lacks a cell wall, usually found on PERIPHERY of RBC; stain DARK PURPLE with Wright's stain |
| mycoplasma haemofelis may: | detach in the presence of ANTICOAGULANTS |
| mycoplasma haemofelis TRANSMISSION | blood-to-blood contact or FLEAS |
| mycoplasma haemofelis CAUSES | anemia in CATS, usually REGENERATIVE and frequently severe; disease is HEMOBARTONELLOSIS or FELINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA |
| mycoplasma haemofelis in CANINES | mycoplasma haemocanis (RARE) |
| anaplasma | Rickettsial bacteria (tickborne) |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum INFECTS | granulocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils) in DOGS and HORSES (most common); also in cats, camelids, humans |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum APPEARANCE | morulae formation -> small clusters/colonies of bacteria; may see organism better fi using slide made from BUFFY COAT |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum TRANSMISSION | TICKS -> Ixodes species 'deer' tick; transmission from tick to dog/horse takes 36-48 hours! |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum SIGNS | similar to LYME -> fever, anorexia, lethargy, polyarthritis |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum LAB FINDINGS | mild to moderate THROMBOCYTOPENIA, mild to moderate LEUKOPENIA, mild nonregenerative ANEMIA |
| anaplasma platys INFECTS | infects PLATELETS in DOGS |
| anaplasma platys APPEARANCE | morulae formation in PLATELETS, bacteria should stain BLUE in Wright's stain |
| anaplasma platys TRANSMISSION | TICKS -> Ixodes species 'deer' tick |
| anaplasma platys LAB FINDINGS | THROMBOCYTOPENIA |
| anaplasma platys CLINICAL SIGNS | fever |
| anaplasma marginale INFECTS | infects ERYTHROCYTES in CATTLE (and wild ruminants) |
| anaplasma marginale APPEARANCE | small, round, dark purple inclusions at the PERIPHERY of the RBC, usually 1-2/cell; may be difficult to differentiate from HOWELL JOLLY BODIES |
| anaplasma marginale LAB FINDINGS | severe HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA |
| anaplasma marginale CLINICAL SIGNS | fever, weakness, sudden death or abortions |
| anaplasma marginale TRANSMISSION | TICKS -> Dermacentor sp. or biting flies |
| cytauxzoon felis INFECTS | PROTOZOAL parasite that infects RBCs in CATS; causes severe and often fatal disease |
| cytauxzoon felis TRANSMISSION | TICKS -> 'lonestar' Amblyomma americanum |
| cytauxzoon felis LAB FINDINGS | moderate NORMOCYTIC, NORMOCHROMIC, NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA (still considered hemolytic), inflammatory LEUKOGRAM with a DEGENERATIVE LEFT SHIFT and toxic changes, THROMBOCYTOPENIA |
| cytauxzoon felis Schizonts INFECTS | infects TISSUE MACROPHAGES and MONOCYTES |
| cytauxzoon felis Schizonts CAUSES | severe and fatal disease due to TISSUE INFECTION |
| cytauxzoon felis Schizonts CLINICAL SIGNS | fever, lethargy, anorexia, icterus |
| babesia sp | large, TICKBORNE, PROTOZOAL parasites of RBCs that rupture RBCs during replication and infect other RBCs -> results in INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (leads to HEMOGLOBINURIA, HEMOGLOBINEMIA) |
| BOVINE babesia sp | babesia bigemina, babesia bovi |
| EQUINE babesia sp | theileria equi, babesia caballi |
| CANINE babesia sp | babesia canis, babesia gibsoni |
| babesia canis INFECTS | RBCs in DOGS |
| babesia canis APPEARANCE | single or multiple large organisms (think BOXING GLOVES) |
| babesia canis TRANSMISSION | TICKBORNE -> brown dog tick |
| babesia canis LAB FINDINGS | hemolytic anemia, severe cases can cause DIC |
| babesia gibsoni INFECTS | infects RBCs in DOGS, difficult to treat |
| babesia gibsoni APPEARANCE | smaller compared to babesia canis, RINGS; more limited distributions |
| babesia gibsoni CAUSES | chronic, progressive severe ANEMIA |
| babesia caballi/theileria equi INFECTS | infects RBCs in HORSES (all equids) |
| babesia caballi APPEARANCE | 2-pear shaped (pyriform) organisms |
| theileria equi APPEARANCE | 4 pyriform organisms (Maltese cross) |
| babesia caballi/theileria equi TRANSMISSION | ticks, fomites, needle re-use, transplacentally |
| babesia caballi/theileria equi LAB FINDINGS | anemia (in severe cases - intravascular hemolytic anemia) |
| babesia caballi/theileria equi CAUSES | equine piroplasmosis (reportable disease, testing required for importation) |
| babesia caballi/theileria equi CLINICAL SIGNS | non-specific, may see PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGE |
| babesia bigemina/babesia bovis INFECTS | RBCs in CATTLE |
| babesia bigemina CAUSES | Texas fever |
| babesia bovis CAUSES | Red Water Fever (produces more SEVERE disease and can cause RED WATER FEVER in DEER) |
| babesia bigemina/babesia bovis TRANSMISSION | TICKBORNE -> boophilus tick (Rhipicephalus) |
| babesia bigemina/babesia bovis LAB FINDINGS | hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria |
| ehrlichia sp INFECTS | ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia ewingii; TICKBORNE species that infects DOGS |
| ehrlichia canis TICK | rhipicephalus sanguineus, dermacenter variabilis |
| ehrlichia ewingii TICK | amblyomma americanum |
| ehrlichia canis INFECTS | ALL CELL LINES in the DOG, commonly AGRANULOCYTES (monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes); morulae formation RARELY seen in infected dogs |
| ehrlichia canis LAB FINDINGS | thrombocytopenia, nonregenerative anemia, pancytopenia |
| ehrlichia canis CLINIC SIGNS | fever, anorexia, excessive hemorrhage |
| ehrlichia ewingii INFECTS | NEUTROPHILS and EOSINOPHILS; morulae formation frequently seen in INFECTED DOGS |
| ehrlichia ewingii LAB FINDINGS | thrombocytopenia, non-regenerative anemia, neutrophilia, monocytosis |
| ehrlichia ewingii CLINICAL SIGNS | fever, anorexia, polyarthritis |
Created by:
mkroon26
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