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Sm Animal Quiz 8
Lecture 16: Immune-Mediated Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) CAUSES | RBCs being destroyed by pt's own immune system -> idiopathic 75%, paraneoplastic 35% |
| IMHA SYMPTOMS | PU/PD, lethargy, weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, WEIGHT LOSS, PALE TO WHITE MM, POSSIBLE VAX GIVEN IN LAST 1-2 MO, +/- FEVER, PANTING |
| IMHA PREDISPOSITION | middle-aged to older dogs, RARE IN CATS |
| IMHA DIAGNOSIS | significant anemia (usually regenerative), possible increase in all WBCs, SPHEROCYTES on manual count, +/- azotemia, increased bilirubin, presence of tumor on radiographs/ultrasouns |
| IMHA TREATMENT | supportive (fluids, anti-nausea, blood transfusion if HCT < 20), treat any underlying cause (Doxy for lepto, Ehrilichia), suppress immune system (STEROIDS, protect GI tract w sucralfate, pepcid) |
| IMHA PROGNOSIS, MONITORING | prognosis depends on cause, severity, response to Tx VERY LONG PROCESS OF RECOVERY |
| immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) CAUSES | immune system attacks and destroys body's own platelets (idiopathic or secondary) SEVERE THROMBOCYTOPENIA < 50,000 |
| ITP SYMPTOMS | similar to IMHA, may also see abnormal bruising on skin/bleeding MELENA, HYPHEMA, HEMATURIA, HEMOABDOMEN, HEMOTHORAX |
| ITP PREDISPOSITION | middle-aged and older dogs, RARE IN CATS |
| ITP DIAGNOSIS | confirm LOW PLT with CBC or MANUAL COUNT, rule out all other causes (machine error, blood clotted in tube, infectious disease) |
| ITP TREATMENT | supportive (fluids, PLASMA transfusion), immunosuppressive doses of oral/inj STEROIDS, antibiotics if infectious disease |
| ITP PROGNOSIS, MONITORING | prognosis depends on underlying cause and response to Tx LONG PROCESS OF RECOVERY |
| Evan's Syndrome CAUSES | combination of IMHA and ITP |
| Evan's Syndrome SYMPTOMS | similar to IMHA, ITP |
| Evan's Syndrome PREDISPOSITION | middle-aged, spayed female COCKER SPANIELS |
| Evan's Syndrome TREATMENT | STEROIDS |
| Evan's Syndrome PROGNOSIS, MONITORING | poorer prognosis than IMHA, ITP alone |
| pemphigus complex CAUSES | characterized by vesicles and bullae (large and small blisters) at mouth and mucotaneous junctions COMMONLY AFFECTED AREAS: eyelids, lips, nostrils, vulva/penis, anus |
| pemphigus FOLIACEOUS SYMPTOMS | most common type, crusting at EYES, EARS, FOOTPADS, GROIN, BRIDGE OF NOSE |
| pemphigus ERYTHEMATOSUS SYMPTOMS | redness, scale, and crusting on bridge of nose, worsens with exposure to UV LIGHT |
| pemphigus FOLIACEOUS PREDISPOSITION | Chows, Akita, Cocker Spaniels, Labrador, Bulldog |
| pemphigus ERYTHEMATOSUS PREDISPOSITION | German Shepherds, Collie, Sheltie |
| pemphigus complex TREATMENT | ORAL STEROIDS, antibiotics for secondary infection, omgea 3 fatty acids |
| symmetric lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO) CAUSES | immune destruction of nails and nailbeds |
| SLO SYMPTOMS | soft, flaky nails that may fall off or crack easily, sometimes infection is present at nailbeds |
| SLO TREATMENT | STEROIDS, omega 3 fatty acids, antibiotic for secondary infection |
Created by:
mkroon26
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