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Sm Animal Quiz 6
Lecture 11: Ocular Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| OU | both eyes |
| OD | right eye |
| OS | left eye |
| blepharospasm | squinting the eye |
| conjunctivitis | irritated, swollen, or red conjunctiva |
| uveitis | inflammation within the eye |
| PLR | pupillary light response, NOT an indicator of vision |
| menace response | squinting eye with movement towards eye, indicator of good or poor vision |
| buphthalmos | eye bulging outwards |
| corneal ulcer | scratch, abrasion, or erosion of cornea; Boxer or Boxer-type breeds predisposed to INDOLENT ulcers |
| corneal ulcer SYMPTOMS | squinting, rubbing, redness, discharge from the eye, swollen eyelids, Hx of trauma (cat scratch, hard play, running in woods) |
| corneal ulcer PE FINDINGS | blepharospasm, visible lesion or fluorescein positive lesion on cornea, conjunctivitis, red sclera, mucoid or clear discharge, third eyelid elevation, neovascularization to lesion |
| fluorescein staining | place fluorescent dye in the eye, will NOT stick to health cornea, will stick to damaged cornea and glows GREEN under blacklight |
| corneal ulcer TREATMENT | pain control (topical atropine, oral NSAIDs), prevent infection (topical antibiotics); normal healing is 7-10 days |
| indolent corneal ulcer TREATMENT | pain control, prevent infection, brushback/debridement, topical serum, grid keratectomy/diamond burr debridement/flap advancement, contact lens |
| cataracts | opacity of lens of the eye, associated with age, genetics (Cocker Spaniel, Lab, Poodle, Frenchie), or metabolic disease (Diabetes mellitus) |
| incipient cataracts | only 15% or less of lens involved, NO visual impairment |
| immature cataracts | 15% or more, retina still visible, little to no visual impairment |
| mature cataracts | entire lens involved, retina not visible, visual impairment occurs |
| hypermature cataracts | lens begins to shrink, complete loss of vision, can cause uveitis |
| juvenile/hereditary cataracts | present at a young age, may or may not change with time |
| cataracts SYMPTOMS | loss of vision (bumping into things), cloudy eyes, PU/PD and weight loss if metabolic disease |
| cataracts PE FINDINGS | opacity of lens, scleral redness, absent PLR and menace, increased BG on bloodwork if Diabetes |
| cataracts TREATMENT | surgical removal of cataracts and replacement of artificial lens, monitor for GLAUCOMA (can be secondary to cataracts), be aware of environment |
| glaucoma | increased pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure or IOP) caused by a decreased in flow of aqueous humor |
| primary glaucoma | increase in IOP in HEALTHY eye, caused by anatomical abnormalities -> Cocker Spaniel, Miniature Schnauzer, Akita, Samoyed, Beagle |
| secondary glaucoma | increase in IOP in diseased or injured eye; uveitis, cataracts/damage to lens, tumors, bleeding into the eye |
| glaucoma SYMPTOMS | red, irritated eye, squinting or rubbing at the eye, vision abnormalities |
| glaucoma PE FINDINGS | buphthalmos, red sclera, corneal edema (cloudy cornea), discharge, blepharospasm, Hx of cataracts |
| glaucoma DIAGNOSIS | increase in IOP measured via tonopen, pressures > 25 indicate glaucoma |
| glaucoma TREATMENT | decrease IOP ASAP (can cause retinal detachment and blindness), topical medication, pain management, treat any underlying cause, ENUCLEATION if uncontrolled and vision is lost |
| proptosis | eye is dislodged from the orbit, caused by blunt trauma; BRACHYCEPHALIC breeds predisposed (Pug, Shih Tzue, French Bulldog, Pekingese, Persian Cat) |
| proptosis PROGNOSIS | depends on pupil size/responsiveness, duration of exposure, other damage to globe or orbit, other systemic trauma; approximately 25% of DOGS recover vision, most CATS do not recover vision |
| proptosis TREATMENT | the faster the better; lubrication and retropulsion (replacing the globe) with tarsorrhaphy (suturing eyelids closed), enucleation |
| keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) | decreased tear production 'dry eye', tears have two components but aqueous portion is not produced |
| KCS CAUSES | immune mediated destruction of tear-making tissue, canine distemper, sulfa drugs, nervous system disease (Horners) |
| KCS PREDISPOSITION | Cocker Spaniel, Boston Terrier, Lhasa Apso, Pug, Shih Tzu, English Bulldog |
| KCS SYMPTOMS | thick discharge, rubbing at eyes, swollen eyelids, light sensitivity |
| KCS PE FINDINGS/DIAGNOSIS | dry appearance to cornea, thick/mucoid discharge, corneal ulcers, scleral redness, conjunctivitis, third eyelid elevation, blepharospasm, Schirmer Tear Test (STT) < 20 |
| KCS TREATMENT | topical tear replacement (OTC artificial tears), topical immunosuppressants (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus), treat corneal ulcer first (topical antibiotics); prognosis is GOOD if pt responds to therapy |
Created by:
mkroon26
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