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Sm Animal Quiz 5

Lecture 10: Cardiopulmonary Disorders

QuestionAnswer
auscultation listening to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope
arrhythmia irregular heart rhythm
tachycardia rapid heart rate
tachypnea rapid respiratory rate
cardiomegaly enlarged heart
dyspnea difficulty breathing
dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) weakening of heart muscle that causes dilation of LEFT VENTRICLES and an enlarged heart; can cause sudden and acute death or can be slower onset... LINKED TO FEEDING GRAIN-FREE FOOD
DCM predisposition medium and large dog breeds, Boxer, Doberman, Great Dane, Cocker Spaniel, more often male than female
DCM SYMPTOMS exercise intolerance, collapse, increased respiratory rate, restless/not sleeping well, coughing/gagging, history of feeding grain-free food
DCM PE FINDINGS arrhythmia, tachycardia, +/- heart murmur, cardiomegaly on radiographs
DCM TREATMENT anti-arrhythmic medications, ACE inhibitors, diuretics if pulmonary edema, rest
DCM PREVENTION disease has poor prognosis, avoid breeding dogs with disease, DO NOT FEED GRAIN-FREE FOOD
mitral valve disease (MVD) usually associated with heart murmur, congenital or acquired malformation of mitral valve, causes 80% of CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE in DOGS, usually asymptomatic for CHF
MVD: valvular insufficiency leads to PULMONARY EDEMA, usually fatal
MVD SYMPTOMS cough/gag, exercise intolerance, weight loss, increased respiratory rate, labored breathing
MVD PE FINDINGS murmur (GRADE I-VI), weakened femoral pulses, dusky/blue MM, crackles/wheezing in lung fields, tachypnea or increased resp effort, distended abdomen, enlarged heart/pulmonary edema on radiographs
MVD TREATMENT oxygen therapy for acute crisis, improve overall cardiac function (Pimobendan), diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, LOW SALT DIET
MVD PREVENTION do NOT breed dogs with murmurs, monitor dogs with murmurs closely
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) thickening of wall of LEFT VENTRICLE, causes DILATION OF LEFT ATRIA, mostly in cats
HCM predisposition Maine Coon, Ragdoll, Sphynx, Persian
HCM SYMPTOMS usually non, but can cause FELINE AORTIC THROMBOEMBOLISM (FATE) -> paralysis in rear limbs)
HCM PE FINDINGS +/- heart murmur, incidental finding on radiographs/echocardiogram, saddle thromboembolism, enlarged L atria on radiographs
saddle thromboembolism no femoral pulses, cold rear extremities, pain/vocalization, open mouth breathing
HCM TREATMENT cardiac support medications (ACE inhibitors, beta blockers) FATE (support -> fluids, pain management, bladder management, 'clot busting' medication -> heparin, aspirin, clopridogrel); usually results in euthanasia
HCM PREVENTION monitor cats with murmur closely, daily aspirin (?)
feline asthma affects 1-5% of all cats, usual onset between 4-5 years of age; allergic reaction to inhaled allergens
feline asthma SYMPTOMS coughing/wheezing, difficult breathing, weight loss, open mouth breathing, vomiting
feline asthma PE FINDINGS crackles/wheezing auscultated in lunch, abdominal beathing/dyspnea, dusky/blue MM, orthopneic stance, TRAMLINES in lungs on radiographs
feline asthma TREATMENT oxygen, anti-inflammatories (steroids), antibiotics (often secondary infections, bronchodilators
feline asthma PREVENTION no smoking, candles, incense, etc; inhaler, weight management, antihistamines
tracheal collapse trachea in dogs made of incomplete cartilaginous rings, weakening at edge of ring, airway collapses with increased RR
tracheal collapse predisposition toy breeds, Pomeranian, Yorkie, Chihuahua, Toy Poodle; middle aged to senior dogs
tracheal collapse SYMPTOMS honking cough usually with excitement/exercise, after drinking/eating, when pulling on collar, hot/humid temperatures
tracheal collapse PE FINDINGS 'goose honk cough with tracheal pressure, collapse seen on radiographs
tracheal collapse TREATMENT slow respiration -> sedatives, decreased inflammation -> steroids, oxygen in acute crisis
tracheal collapse PREVENTION body harness v collar, avoid exercise in hot/humid weather, weight management, avoid smoke/perfumes/incense etc
Created by: mkroon26
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