Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chemical Basis for L
Animal A&P Chp 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | Smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element |
| Atomic weight | sum of the atomic mass of the protons and neutrons |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in an atom |
| Inorganic chemistry | Structure, synthesis, and boning of any material in which metals and metalloid elements are of primary interest |
| Organic chemistry | The study of compounds containing carbon; ALL living things contain carbon |
| Anemia | condition in which there is decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood |
| Ions | sometimes an atom will gain or lose one or more electrons giving it a positive or negative charge |
| cations | positively charged ions |
| anions | negatively charged ions |
| Isotopes | atoms that contain a different number of neutrons than normal; same chemical properties but a different atomic weight |
| radioactive chemicals | unstable ions that decay over time |
| Molecule | the smallest particle of a substance composed of two or more atoms that retains the properties of the substance |
| Compound | a substance made up of two or more elements |
| Bonds form to allow atoms to exist at ___________ energy states that are more _______________ | lower, stable |
| Covalent bonding | Electron sharing; electron shells overlap and the electrons are shared |
| Ionic bonding | Electron transfer; one atom transfer an electron to another atom; basis of the bond is the attraction between the cation and the anion |
| Hydrogen bonding | Electrostatic attraction; hydrogen atom is bonded to a small, highly electronegative element; polarity of molecules is a factor |
| Inorganic compounds | Do not contain hydrocarbon groups: Examples:// water, salts, acids, and bases |
| Organic compounds | Contain hydrocarbon groups: Examples:// Carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Water | Inorganic compounds; polar, forms hydrogen bonds; known as universal solvent; provides an ideal transport medium; high heat capacity; serves as lubricant for moving parts of organism |
| Hydrophilic | water loving |
| Hydrophobic | water fearing |
| Pericardial fluid | sac around heart |
| Synovial fluid | surrounds joints |
| Salts | mineral compounds with ionic bonds; minerals entered and stored in body are mainly in the form of salts; ionize in water |
| Salts in their ionized form are called ______________ | electrolytes |
| Potassium in chronic kidney failure | -Toxins build up in the blood leading to anorexia -Decreased K+ intake combined with increased loss= muscle and nerve problems= constipation, weakness, heart problems--> worsening of disease |
| Acids | Ionically bonded; release hydrogen ions when added to water; electrolytes |
| Bases | ionically bonded; release hydroxyl ions when added to water; described as alkaline |
| An acid and base mixed together will _____________ each other | neutralize |
| H+ and OH- will combine to form: | water |
| pH scale | Measures acidity and alkalinity; ranges from 1-14; 1 is most acidic and 14 is most basic |
| Carbohydrates | Provide and store energy; function in building cellular structures; composed of C, H, and O |
| Monosaccharides | Simplest carb; primary fuel of body; glucose and fructose |
| Disaccharides | Carb; two monosaccharides joined together via dehydration synthesis |
| Polysaccharides | Carb; monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis; serve either a structural function or a fuel storage function; glycogen and cellulose |
| Glycoproteins | large molecules composed of a carbohydrate attached to a protein |
| Lipids | Used in the body for E; stored in fat tissue; chemical messengers-- hormones |
| Lipid classes | Neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids |
| Neutral fats | triglycerides |
| Eicosanoids | Mediate complex chemical processes in the body |
| Prostaglandins | inflammation; Eicosanoid |
| Thromboxane | platelet function; Eicosanoid |
| Leuktrienes | bronchoconstriction; Eicosanoid |
| Proteins | most common type of organic compound found in body; functions in cell structure, structure of body tissues, controlling chemical reactions, regulating growth, defending against invaders, transport of ions/molecules |
| Building blocks of proteins are __________________________ | amino acids; sequence of amino acids determines function of that protein |
| Structural proteins | stable, rigid and water insoluble; add strength to tissues or cells; called fibrous proteins; aid in cell structure and structure of body tissues |
| Functional proteins | water soluble with flexible shape that can change; called globular proteins; very chemically active; control chemical reactions, regulate growth, defend against invaders, transport of ions/molecules |
| Collagen | Structural protein present in ligaments, cartilage, bone, and tendons |
| Fibrin | Structural protein present in blood clots |
| Keratin | Structural protein present in hair, hooves, horns, and skin |
| Examples of functional proteins | hemoglobin, antibodies, protein based hormones, enzymes |
| Enzymes | protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by acting as a catalyst and lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction |
| Nucleic acids | largest molecule in body; DNA and RNA |
| DNA | found in cell nucleus and in mitochondria; contains all instructions needed by the cell to build proteins; shape and function of proteins made from DNA instructions determines organisms |
| RNA | Transfers instructions out of the cell nucleus and into the cytoplasm where proteins are built |
| Nucleotides | Molecular building blocks of nucleic acids |
| tRNA | copies the information in the DNA molecule |
| mRNA | carries the information out of the nucleus |
| rRNA | uses the information to make proteins |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate; stores energy in the cell; created through cellular respiration |
| Hyperthermia | Elevated body temp; Causes: fever, heatstroke, prolonged seizures |
Created by:
tsimon_033
Popular Veterinary sets