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anthropology exam 1

QuestionAnswer
• Who has culture? Everyone
• What is ethnocentrism the belief that the ways of ones own culture are the only proper ones.
• What are the four pieces of the barrel metaphor for culture and how do they interact? superstructure, social structure, infrastructure, and environment.
• What are the three domains or categories of culture? what we make, do, and think
• What are the four paradoxes of culture? continues but changes, consensual but contested, bounded but mobile, shared but varies.
• What are the six characteristics of culture? learned, dynamic, shared, symbolic, adaptive, and integrated
• What is the winkiness of culture? culture takes biological process and adds meaning to them
• What is evolution? What is natural selection? How are they different? evolution, the change in allele frequencies in a population natural selection, the evolutionary process through whihc factors in the enviorment exert pressure, favoring some individuals.
• What are the three components of natural selection? competition, variation, inheritance
Who was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, what was his idea of evolution, and how was it different from Darwin’s idea of natural selection inheritance of aquired characteristics
• What are the three types of selection? directional, stabilizing, disruptive
• What are the four forces of evolution? The natural selection, mutation, gene flow, genetic drift
• What is uniformitarianism? processes operating today are the same as natural processes that happen in the past.
What is catastrophism? the theory that the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope
what types of tools do we see chimpanzees make and use in the wild? twigs and rocks
what are five primate adaptive trends? opposable thumbs, fingernails, ball and socket joints, eye placement, large brain
what is the primate adaptive niche? living in the trees
what is the difference between new and old-world primates? new world monkeys have tails old world monkeys do no .
what is a hominin? includes modern humans, extinct humans, all of out immidiate ancestors.
what is a hominid? includes all modern and extinct apes in cluding humans.
what is the difference between a hominin and hominid? hominin is the more specific group where are hominid is a wide range of species
who was lucy? Most complete aurtraloptieucss found
what are the three main tool complexes we see human ancestors making and using? chipped flakes, rocks, Oldowan chopper
what was the first hominin to leave Africa, use fire, and hunt? Homo Erectus
What is the defining characteristic of all hominins? erect posture, bipedal locomotion Larger brains, ,
What is the defining characteristic of the genus homo? large brains and limb structure
what is the Out of africa hypothesis? suggests that the genes in fully modern humans all came out of Africa
what is the multiregional hypothesis? The multiregional hypothesis posits that genes from all human populations of the Old World flowed between different regions and by mixing together, contributed to what we see today as fully modern humans
what two hominin species does DNA suggest interbred? Denisovans and Neanderthals
what is behavioral modernity? suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguish current homo sapiens from other anatomicallt modern humans
what is cultural relativity? the principle that cultures needs to be understood on its own terms.
what is genetic bottleneck? a larger natural event that caused humans to be less genetically diverse from other primates.
Created by: Holly_hale
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