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Blood transfusions
Unit 3 Section 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of anaemia requires slow infusion and over what time period? | Normovolaemic anaemia, over 6 hours |
| When is packed red blood cells or whole blood required for transfusion? | Hypovolemic anaemia |
| A transfusion is required when the patient is unresponsive to what type of treatment? | Crystalloid or colloid fluid therapy |
| What percentage of blood loss should a transfusion be administered? | Over 30% blood loss |
| What are the two most commonly used anticoagulants? | Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) Citrate Phosphorus Dextrose (CPD) |
| Which anticoagulant is most effective? | CPD |
| How much blood is taken from a donor cat? | 25-30mls |
| How much blood is taken from a donor dog? | 1% of bodyweight |
| What details should be on the donor bags? | Date, blood type, donor name, expiry date |
| At what temperature should whole blood be refrigerated at and for how long? | 1-6 °C for up to 28 days |
| How long can feline blood be stored for? | 4 hours |
| What is plasma called after it has been stored for 12 months? | Stored frozen plasma |
| What rmp should blood be spun at and for how long to separate each componant? | 4200rpm for 15 mins |
| What temperature much plasma be stored at? | -18°C |
| What compnant of stored whole blood is no longer viable after 24 hours? | Platelets |
| What does fresh frozen plasma contain? | All plasma proteins and clotting factors |
| What conditions should packed red blood cells be stored under? | Space between and to be gently rocked daily |
| Which type of transfusion is rarely indicated? | Fresh whole blood |
| What transfusion rate is recommended for emergency patients with circulatory compromise? | 1-2mls/kg/hr |
| What signs should a patient be monitored for? | Skin rashes, cardio, resp and GI changes |
| What does citrate toxicity cause? | Hypocalcaemia |
| When does acute haemolytic transfusion reaction occur? | When patient has sufficient pre-existing antigens against antigens on donor RBC |
| Should the transfusion be continued once a reaction has been treated? | No. |
| What is the most common blood type for cats | Type A |
| Which dog blood type is most likely to cause a reaction? | DEA 1.1 |
| What does DEA stand for? | Dog erythrocyte antigen |
| When is blood typing required for cats? | At first transfusion |
Created by:
CatLady93
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