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Clin Path Quiz 19
Lecture 19: Endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the endocrine system | a system in the body works by sending hormones made in one cell through the bloodstream to a target cell to elicit a response |
| what tissues in the body make hormones? | anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries |
| how does the endocrine system regulate? | negative feedback |
| thyroid gland | paired lobes on larynx, produces hormones that maintain metabolism (adjust in response to energy needs); increase metabolism, basal oxygen use, rate of heat production) |
| thyroid hormones | triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone); secretion of T3 and T4 is controlled by TSH |
| T3 | responsible for most effects of the thyroid hormones on tissues |
| T4 | reservoir for T3 |
| thyroid hormone production | gland uptakes iodide and incorporates it into a tyrosine molecule, 2 iodinated tyrosine are required to form either T3 or T4 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone | produced by the anterior pituitary gland in response to thermal and caloric signals; increases iodine trapping and synthesis and secretion of T3 and T4 |
| resting serum T4 test | total T4 screening test for thyroid related disease; prons: readily available, in-house available using SERUM or PLASMA; cons: easily affected by illness which will dec total T4 |
| free T4 (fT4) test | pros: not affected as much by illness as total T4l can be god confirmatory test; cons: send out lab test, should always be evaluated total T4 and not by itself |
| resting serum T3 test | more variable that total T4 and not as useful for screening for thyroid related disease |
| TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone | send out lab test, serum sample, not useful alone; needs to be interpreted with TOTAL T4 and FREE T4 |
| hyperthyroidism | excessive circulating concentrations of both T4 and T3 (inc metabolism; most common endocrine disease of CATS, commonly causes by a tumor of the thyroid gland |
| hyperthyroidism lab diagnosis | elevated total T4, normal or high normal total T4 + elevated free T4 |
| clinical signs of hyperthyroidism in cats | weight loss, PU/PD, often eating still or even eating voraciously, restless or inc aggression, inc vocalization, appear thin and unkempt, may see vomiting and diarrhea intermittently |
| treatment and monitoring of hyperthyroidism in cats | methimazole, recheck total T4 in 3-4 weeks, timing of blood draw is unrelated to medication, ideally full CBC/chemistry; can also restrict iodine in the diet or in cases that are not responsive to medication |
| hypothyroidism | impaired production and secretion of T3 and T4, most common in dogs |
Created by:
mkroon26
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