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RATS Quiz
Lecture 9: Ferrets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| domestic ferret | Mustela putorius furo |
| ferrets are becoming more common in research because... | relatively easy to house and handle |
| European ferret | Mustela putorius; closest ancestor, 'polecats' |
| black-footed ferret | Mustela nigripes, native to North America; endangered, feed on prairie dogs |
| wild coat colors | sable ('wild'), albino (red eyes), cinnamon |
| bred coat colors | silver, black-eyed white, chocolate, siamese, panda, shetland sable |
| hob | intact male ferret |
| gib | neutered male ferret |
| jill | intact female ferret |
| sprite | spayed female ferret |
| kit | infant ferret |
| anal glands | not responsible for musky odor, sebaceous secretions of skin responsible; most pet ferrets are 'descented' |
| ferrets have a single central... | artery from aorta towards the head; splits into bilateral carotids higher up the neck (brachiocephalic/innominate artery) |
| how many teeth total do ferrets have? | 34; canines are prominent (carnivores) |
| dental formula | I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 1/2 |
| lung anatomy | 6 lobes, left has 2 lobes, right has 4 lobes |
| GI anatomy | simple stomach, very short small intestine leads to a short GI tract transit time, no cecum; able to VOMIT |
| male ferret reproductive anatomy | J-shaped os penis |
| ferret behavior | very social, thieves (very curious), not usually aggressive, shiver when awakening, enjoy digging |
| sexing males | prepuce opening caudal to umbilical area |
| sexing females | urogenital opening found in perianal region |
| reproduction | cycles are controlled by photoperiod (can be induced to breed year-round in labs), females are induced ovulators and are seasonally polyestrous |
| if females are not bred, they can stay in estrus indefinitely unless: | photoperiod changes, bred, treatment with hormones, or dies from hypoestrogenism |
| gestation | 41-43 days; pregnancy can be determined by palpations or ultrasound at approx. 14 days |
| litter size | 1-18 kits (8 on average) |
| weaning | 6-8 weeks |
| food | commercial ferret or cat chow is acceptable; need high percentage of protein (30-35%) and fat content (15-20%) |
| optimal temperature | 60-70 degrees F |
| ferrets are prone to _______ above 80F | heat stroke |
| optimal humidity | 40-60% |
| signs of illness | lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, hair loss |
| health conditions in ferrets | canine distemper, human forms of influenza, hyperestrogenism (females), GI foreign bodies, cardiomyopathy, hyperadrenocorticism, insulinomas, foreign bodies, rabies |
| hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets | weight loss, hair loss, lethargy |
| insulinomas | too much insulin is produced |
| clinical signs of insulinomas | episodic weakness, lethargy, salivation, ataxia, posterior paresis, seizures, exercise or fasting |
| research uses | human influenza, pharmacology, toxicology, virology, endocrinology, teratology, dental research, reproductive research, alternatives to cats in safety testing drugs and chemicals |
| restraint and handling | scruffing (they will yawn automatically), plastic tubes |
| force feeding | syringe, feeding tube; they have no cough reflex |
| IM and SQ injections | given same as dogs and cats |
| IV catheters | cephalic or lateral saphenous vein |
| intraosseous catheters | 20 or 22 G spinal needle placed in femur |
| venipuncture | jugular, anterior vena cava, lateral saphenous, cranial vena cava |
Created by:
mkroon26
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