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Nutrition Quiz
Lecture 13: Raw Diets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| why are raw diets so popular? | nutritional superiority, ancestral diet, avoid heat degradation, owner perception of involvement in pet's health and well-being |
| raw pet food sales | 393 million in 2016, veterinary professionals are encountering these clients |
| whole prey AAFCO requirements for adult cats | 1-3 day old chicks meet protein and essential fatty acid requirements, deficient in some mineral requirements (manganese, copper, potassium, sodium), not evaluate for vitamin content |
| whole ground rabbit with 22 laboratory kittens 7-20 weeks | sudden death of 1 after 10 months, 70% taurine deficiency some cardiomyopathy from deficiency |
| home prepared diets | 200 published home-prepared recipes: 64.5% by veterinarian; 95% diets deficient in one essential nutrient by National Research Council of AAFCO guidelines, 83.5% multiple deficiencies |
| consequences of unbalanced raw diets | nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypervitaminosis A in cats fed a pork liver-based diet, deforming cervical spondylosis, hyperthyroidism (follow-up change of food, resolved) |
| clinical sings of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism | spontaneous fracture, muscle twitching, seizures, and limb deformities |
| clinical recommendations | raw diets can be complete and balanced and support growth (commercial or appropriately formulated), advise owners that serious health consequences can occur from feeding unbalanced (increased risk in young, growing animals) |
| potential benefits of raw diet | mimic more natural/ancestral diet, many health benefits remain unproven, not a lot of literature, higher digestibility compared to kibble based diet, smaller stools, less fecal odor, alteration in GI microbiome, avoid changes to diet from heat processing |
| infectious potential | bacterial shedding by pet (Salmonella or E. coli); fed contaminated, 7/16 shed salmonella 1-7 days after consumption, none developed clinical signs; fed Salmonella free, none shed; 1-3% of all fecals when fed raw diet; owners can get infected |
| clients who do feed | inform owners of potential risks, record in chart, educate proper handling practices, strongly discourage with elderly, young, pregnant and lactating or immunocompromised pets and people, avoid poultry, encourage use of whole cuts and searing the outside |
| safety precautions | keep raw met and poultry products frozen until ready to use, thaw in fridge or microwave, keep raw food diets separate from other foods, wash working surfaces/utensils/hands/anything that came into contact, cover and refrigerate leftovers immediately |
| conclusion | ensure that raw diet is complete/balanced, many benefits of a raw diet remain unproven or unstudied, pathogen contamination presents a risk to both people and pets, advise clients of their risks when using these diets to help them make informed decisions |
Created by:
mkroon26
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