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Nutrition Quiz
Lecture 12: Food Allergies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adverse food reactions (AFR) | any clinical abnormal response attributed to the ingestion of a food or food additive |
| food allergy | when signs resolve with elimination of the food, return when exposed to the food again |
| most common dog allergens | beef, dairy, chicken, wheat, lamb |
| most common feline allergens | beef, fish, chicken |
| dogs age of allergy onset | 22% before 6 months, 30% before 1 year; 40% develop CAFR <1 year of age |
| feline age of allergy onset | 9% before 6 months, 23% before 1 year, mean age of onset 4-5 years |
| dog breed disposition | labs (19%), GSD/german shepherds (13%), westies (11%) |
| cat breed disposition | DSH (49%), Persians (5%), Siamese (4%), Burmese (2%) |
| only consistent clinical sign | non-seasonal pruritus; use itch scale (includes rubbing and licking) |
| dog clinical signs of allergies | 'ears and rears', perineum, interdigital, axilla, groin, periocular, face/muzzle, canine otitis (40% chronic), recurrent pyoderma (37%), pyotraumatic dermatitis, perianal fistula |
| GI signs of allergies | vomiting and diarrhea are most common, hypersalivation in some cats, flatulence/burping, blood/mucus |
| bowel movements (BM) | increased bowel movements, > 4 BM/day; > few times a year (fecal mucus, vomiting, coprophagia, black tarry stool, abdominal pain) |
| fecal chart | ideal is 2-3 |
| feline clinical signs of allergies | pruritus, alopecia, scale, otitis, diarrhea, vomiting, conjunctivitis, hypersalivation |
| presentation of pruritic cats | miliary dermatitis (29%), self-induced symmetrical non-inflammatory alopecia (47%), eosinophilic granuloma complex (18%), erosive/crusting dermatosis of head and neck (50%) |
| miliary dermatitis | small erythematous crusted papules, usually non-follicular, face and dorsal aspects of the body, small papules topped by yellow to brown crust |
| self-induced symmetrical non-inflammatory alopecia | acquired syndrome, symmetrical alopecia to the hind limbs, ventrum, lateral abdomen, distal forelimbs, dorsum usually spared |
| eosinophilic granuloma complex type 1 | 1) eosinophilic granuloma: linear, diffuse to nodular, swollen, firm lesions found in oral cavity, interdigital area, chin, limbs |
| eosinophilic granuloma complex type 2 | 2) eosinophilic plaque: raised, intensely pruritic lesions found in abdomen, inguinal, medial caudal aspects of thighs, neck and face |
| eosinophilic granuloma complex type 3 | 3) rodent ulcers: unilateral or bilateral erosive to ulcerated lesion of the upper lip |
| erosive/crusting dermatosis of head and neck | papular changes on the face and neck, sel-induced excoriations (alopecia, ulceration, crusts) |
| patterns of disease may mimic | flea allergy, atopy, scabies |
| accuracy of serum food specific IgE testing | dog 58-87%, cat 20% |
| accuracy of serum food specific IgG testing | dog 77% |
| testing for food allergies | intradermal testing, etc; NOT very accurate |
| the gold standard | FEEDING TRIALS |
| diet/feeding trials | tedious, time consuming, difficult, compliance |
| things to consider when doing a feeding trial | type of client and lifestyle, time of year, other pets, other family members |
| picking the diet | avoid all that has been eaten before; diet history is very IMPORTANT |
| diet choice | limited ingredient, hydrolyzed, home cooking |
| diet trial phases week 1 | elimination diet started |
| diet trial phases weeks 2-4 | evaluate response of skin and GI signs |
| diet trial phases week 8 | recheck/evaluate response of skin and GI signs |
| diet trial phases week 9-10 | confirm or eliminate food allergy diet challenge |
| remission of signs in dogs | after 3 weeks ~50%, after 5 weeks > 85%, after 8 weeks > 90% |
| remission of signs in cats | after 4 weeks ~50%, after 6 weeks ~80%, after 8 weeks ~90% |
| golden rule of feeding trials | nothing goes through the pet's mouth except the new diet, water, medications |
| diet challenges | start 8 week recheck, withdrawal medication if possible |
| transition of old diet to new diet | day 1 - 25/75, day 2 - 50/50, day 3 75/25, day 4 - 100% new food; can also do it ingredient by ingredient over 2 weeks |
| try to avoid flares | mouse hunter, lick hand, human error |
| flea medication | bravecto (hydrolyzed pork liver), comfortis (pork, hydrolyzed soy), credelio (pork, hydrolyzed soy (beef flavor)), nexgard (soy (beef flavored), corn, lactose) |
Created by:
mkroon26
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