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Alimentary 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 parts of the colon? | Ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. |
| What are the main functions of the colon? | -Bulks up and stores material -Absorbs water, volatile fatty acids, and some minerals -Site of microbial digestion -Synthesis of vitamin K and certain B vitamins |
| What does the pancreas help with in the alimentary system? | -Adds enzymes and buffers to the duodenum -Enzymes digest starches, fats, and proteins -Produces insulin and glucagon (hormones that regulate blood sugar) |
| What is the rectum? | The terminal portion of the colon. -An internal and external anal spinchter are found at the anus |
| What does the liver help with in the alimentary system? | -Produces bile -Emulsifies large fat globules into a suspension of fine droplets for enhanced digestion |
| What does the gallbladder help with in the alimentary system? | Stores bile |
| Horses have no gallbladder T/F? | True, bile is secreted directly into the stomach |
| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract for various reasons (bacteria, virus, parasites, foreign bodies, etc…) |
| What are the common symptoms of gastroenteritis? | Vomiting and/or diarrhea |
| How do doctors determine the cause of the gastroenteritis? | Determination often involves a physical exam as well as a fecal test |
| What does melenic (black) stool indicate? | An upper GI bleed |
| What does Hematochezic (bloody) stool indicate? | A lower GI bleed |
| How is gastroenteritis treated? | Often treated with antidiarrheal/antiemetics symptomatically and fluids |
| Things to try when a pet has gastroenteritis? | -Withhold food & water for 12+ hours, then introduce a small bland diet (boiled chicken & rice or a prescription bland diet) - Need fluids (can offer ice cubes) -If diarrhea gets worse, lasts 24+hours, vomiting or dark blood it is time to see the vet! |
| What is a foreign body obstruction? | -Something ingested by your pet that is unable to make it through the digestive tract -This object being stuck “obstructs” the digestive tract causing discomfort and potential danger |
| What are the symptoms of a foreign body obstruction? | Symptoms include vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, constipation, abdominal tenderness |
| How can you diagnose a foreign body obstruction? | X-rays can often confirm |
| What are the treatment options for a foreign body obstruction? | May vomit it out, doctor may be able to use an endoscope, but once it is in the intestine surgical intervention is often required. |
| Who does bloat effect the most? | Affects deep chested large dogs like Danes, Dobies, and German Shep. |
| Bloat isn't an emergency T/F? | False, it is an EMERGENCY, act quickly or dog will die. |
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