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Alimentary 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do ruminants have a compartmentalized stomach? | To aide in fermentation of a diet high in fiber and cellulose |
| How much space does the ruminant stomach take up in the abdominal cavity? | Occupies nearly 3⁄4 of the abdominal cavity |
| How many chambers does a ruminants stomach have? | 4 Chambers |
| Rumen | Fermentation vat - microbial breakdown! Lots of bacteria to break down cellulose |
| Reticulum | Traps larger particles for regurgitation |
| Omasum | Water and inorganic mineral absorption |
| Abomasum | “True stomach”, secretes acids and enzymes |
| Where do hindgut fermenters do most of their fermentation? | Large hindgut (cecum, colon) is where fermentation takes place to break down a diet high in fiber and cellulose |
| Hindgut fermenters are more efficient than ruminants T/F? | Not as efficient as ruminants, so compensate with larger intake of food |
| What type of stomach do hindgut fermenters have? | Simple stomach |
| What is primary site for enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption? | The small intestine |
| How does material move through the small intestine? | Muscles in the walls create a propulsive action called peristalsis. |
| What cells line the small intestine? | Lined with columnar epithelium and goblet cells that produce mucus and cells that produce enzymes. |
| Why is the small intestine able to absorb a lot of nutrition? | The small intestine is folded and lined with villi and microvilli – increases the surface area (therefore absorption efficiency) |
| Other than the extra surface area villi and microvilli provide, how do they help with absorption? | They have capillaries to absorb digested food. |
| Peritoneum | Serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and organs. Aids in minimizing friction |
| The greater omentum | - Consists of four layers of peritoneum. -"Apron" protecting the abdomen - Helps minimize the spread of infection and inflammation in the abdomen |
| The cecum is absolutely necessary in dogs and cats T/F? | The cecum is a vestigial structure in dogs & cats |
| Where is the cecum located? | It is located at the end of the small intestines and the beginning of the large intestines. |
| Which animals have a large cecum? | Large in herbivores (It is a site of microbial fermentation, absorption and transportation in hind gut fermenters and ruminants.) |
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