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NBFE - Chapter 31
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is important that _____ _____ of each species are considered on the basis of their respective physiology, seasonal demands and consumption habits. | forage needs |
| _____ are ruminant animals grown in the US for one of three purposes. | goats |
| Angora goats are grown for _____. | mohair |
| _____ goats are more seasonal, usually breeding between August and March. | dairy |
| Dairy goats have a gestation of _____ _____. | five months |
| Meat goat production now constitutes about _____% of all goats in the US. | eighty five |
| Meat goats are utilized by immigrant populations for _____ feast days. | religious |
| Spanish goats are also known as _____ goats. | bush |
| Spanish goats will _____ any time of the year. | breed |
| Goats select higher quality _____ forage than cattle when grazing. | leafy |
| Goats will consume the desirable and more _____ parts of coarse weeds and brush. | nutritious |
| Goats consume a wider range of plants than cattle and tolerate _____ tastes such as plants containing large amounts of _____ | bitter tannin |
| Goats will consume 40-60% brush, 10-30% _____/legumes, and 23-30% grass. | weeds |
| Goats will consume 40-60% brush, 10-30% weeds/legumes, and 23-30% _____. | grass |
| Goats will typically ignore _____ and _____ | clover grasses |
| Goats have _____ lips which allow them to eat around the spines and thorns of brush plants. | prehensile |
| Goats have a need for _____ intake of forage as a percent of body weight than cattle. | higher |
| _____ grazing of goats on high-investment pasture is not cost effective. | intesive |
| Ideally grazing goats along with _____ is quite effective in controlling weeds and brush. | cattle |
| Goats are effective in eliminating _____ plants species that cattle do not typically eat. | troublesome |
| What are these plants considered? Willow, Persimmon, Multiflora Rose, Pigweed, Thistles, Stinging Nettle, Blackberry, Plantain, Curly Dock | troublesome plants |
| Goats also consume _____ _____ of grasses that cattle tend to ignore. | seed heads |
| Goats will _____ weeds like bitterweed, dogfennel, marestail, and horsenettle. | ignore |
| _____ stocking should be used if brush, vines and weeds are planned as a long-term resource. | rotational |
| It is important to supply a higher level of nutrition, including _____% protein for late pregnancy and early lactation does. | fourteen |
| _____ _____ is a ware season perennial legume that is readily consumed by goats. | sericea lespedeza |
| Goats _____ Bahiagrass, Johnsongrass, Chicory and Pearl Millet. | like |
| _____ has less appeal to goats. | bermudagrass |
| Toxic _____-_____ tall fescue can be used, but toxicity can be a problem when no other plants are present. | endophyte infected |
| Goats are less likely to _____ than cattle. | bloat |
| _____ are major problem in goats in the humid southern US. | parasites |
| High _____ rate tends to elevate the parasite issues. | stocking |
| _____ grazed pastures create serious parasite problems. | closely |
| _____ growing species like Sericea Lespedeza, Pearl Millet, Sorghum-Sudan, and Kudzu allow less contact with the ground and reduced parasite issues. | taller |
| The best prevention against parasite infestation is stocking rate and _____ stocking | rotational |
| A good deworming program is a _____ line of defense agains parasites. | second |
| What parasite is Haemonchus contortus? | barber pole worm |
| Barber Pole Worms have become a bigger problem due to _____ to dewormers. | resistance |
| _____, like coyotes and feral dogs, may also be a problem with goats. | predators |
| Predator controls include guard _____ and electric fencing. | dogs |
| _____ _____ is the production of venison, antler velvet, or trophy bucks for game ranching. | deer farming |
| What country is the leading producer of deer? | new zealand |
| Where is most venison exported to _____ _____ and Asia | western europe |
| Deer farming _____ in the 1990s. | increased |
| Venison is lower in fat than beef with a _____ level equivalent to skinless chicken. | cholesterol |
| Most farm raised venison is _____ and red deer | fallow |
| Fallow deer weigh about 110 lb at slaughter and red deer weigh _____ that much. | twice |
| _____ deer are not suitable for venison production because they prefer browse plants. | whitetail |
| Deer tend to mature more _____ than cattle. | quickly |
| Grazing on _____ meet most of the nutritional needs of deer. | pastures |
| Deer reproduce _____ than cattle at almost 20 years. | longer |
| Cattle have an advantage in reproduction in that the breeding season can be _____ as needed. | adjusted |
| Deer carcass composition is higher at 58 to _____ % and they produce a higher proportion of prime cuts. | sixty |
| _____ occurs during late May and June and lactation continues through late September. | fawning |
| The nutrition needed for deer from mid April through October is 65% TDN and 16% _____. | crude protein |
| What is the abbreviation for Total Digestible Nutrients? | TDN |
| What is the abbreviation for Crude Protein? | CP |
| The nutrient needs of deer October through April are 52% _____ and 10% CP. | TDN |
| The requirements of _____ in deer is higher than cattle. | Selenium |
| What is the major expense of deer production? | fence |
| A _____ feet height is adequate for perimeter fence. A _____ height is generally required by law. | six eight |
| What type of grasses are the cheapest summer forage for deer? | perennial |
| Spring perennials like tall fescue, _____ and smooth bromegrass with clover are suitable for deer production. | orchardgrass |
| Spring perennials like tall fescue, orchardgrass and smooth _____ with clover are suitable for deer production. | bromegrass |
| What increases in forage as summer temperatures increase? | lignin |
| What is the result of increased lignin levels in summer forages? | reduces digestibility |
| What is the solution for reduced digestibility as a result of high lignin levels in summer forages? Provide energy and _____ supplements | protein |
| The most dependable summer pasture plant with high nutritive value over much of the South is grazing tolerant _____. | alfalfa |
| Bermudagrass requires frequent _____ fertilization. | nitrogen |
| In any given location, the most _____ adapted bermudagrass variety should be planted. | nutritious |
| As bermudagrass quality declines during summer, _____ and _____ should be fed. | corn soybeans |
| _____ can reduce antler growth due to high gossypol content. | cottonseed |
| In high rainfall areas, highly fertilized _____ is a summer option. | crabgrass |
| Sorghum-Sudangrass can also provide nutrient requirements in summer if managed properly and if care taken to avoid _____ _____ poisoning. | prussic acid |
| Rye, wheat, oats and ryegrass are good choices for growing _____ during autumn and late winter. | bucks |
| What grass is preferred in the Coastal Plain? | ryegrass |
| Ryegrass tolerates close grazing better than _____ _____ | small grains |
| _____ lead all farm animals in the ability to produce marketable products on forage alone. | sheep |
| Sheep production requires careful attention to _____ and _____ control. | parasite predator |
| Sheep production has _____ in the humid Eastern US due to parasites and predators. | declined |
| What is the US annual per capita consumption of lamb? | one pound |
| What is the main country for imports of lamb? | new zealand |
| What common breeds of sheep are more suitable for production in the Southern US? _____, dorset, hampshire | suffolk |
| What haired sheep breeds are suitable for production in the Southern US? Katahdin, _____ _____, barbados, blackbelly | saint croix |
| A profitable sheep operation depends on providing as much _____ as possible throughout the year. | grazing |
| How many ewes can be grazed in comparison to 1 cow? 4 to _____ | six |
| How many ewes can be placed with one ram for an economical sized flock? _____ to 35 | thirty |
| Late pregnancy and early lactation are the stages for ewes that require the most _____. | energy |
| A late winter or early spring lambing program is typically most _____ | successful |
| Immediately after weaning the nutritional requirements for ewes _____ | decreases |
| What kid of fences reduces the predator problems with sheep? | electric |
| How many llamas are in the US? _____ hundred thousand | one |
| What is the primary usage for llamas? | pack |
| Llamas are native to South America, specifically the _____ _____ region. | andes mountains |
| How long is the gestation period for llamas? (days) | three hundred forty |
| What is the young of a llama called? | crias |
| Llamas are _____ at 4-5 months old. | weaned |
| Llamas are considered _____ ruminants with a 3 compartment stomach. | modified |
| What is the stocking rate for llamas? 4 to _____ per acre | five |
| The nutritional requirements for llamas are relatively _____. | low |
| Crude Protein (CP) for _____ llamas is 8-9% and for _____ llamas is 10-14%. | mature lactating |
| What minerals are important to the diets of llamas? calcium, _____, copper, zinc, and Selenium | phosphorus |
| _____ of llamas should be avoided as it can cause obesity, reduced heat tolerance, and fertility/birthing issues. | overfeeding |
| What two forages are not recommended for llamas? alfalfa and _____ | clovers |
| Ostrich and Emu are considered _____. | ratites |
| Ratite meat is considered low in _____ and cholesterol. | fat |
| Ostriches are _____ breeders. | seasonal |
| What is the breeding season for ostriches? March to _____ | August |
| What is the egg incubation period for ostriches? (days) | forty two |
| What is the fertility rate for ostrich eggs? (percent) | sixty |
| What is the slaughter age for ostriches? (10 to _____months) | fourteen |
| What is the percent of lean meat in an ostrich carcass? _____-_____ to 65% | fifty five |
| Ostriches utilize _____ better than emu due to a larger cecum. | fiber |
| What mineral should be increased in mature females to compliment egg production (shell development)? | calcium |
Created by:
farmwife1992
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