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Nutrition Lecture 8
Dog Food
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| essential nutrient needs | protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, fiber = GI health, carbohydrates |
| ingredients | raw materials (beef, chicken, rice, corn), nutrients and energy |
| nutrients | components of food the body needs to support metabolism, fuel all it's processes, and maintain life |
| complete diet | all the required nutrients in a bioavailable form for a specific life stage |
| balanced diet | all required nutrients in correct proportions relative to food's total energy density |
| tradition feeding strategies | commercially prepared; canned, dry, semi-moist, grain and meat based, moderate protein, fat, fiber |
| non-traditional feeding strategies | home prepared; cooked, raw, commercial pre-mixes |
| natural food | according to AAFCO, means that ingredients are derived exclusively from plant, animal, or mined sources; they can be processed if processing does not involve chemical synthesis or alteration |
| ingredient quality | direct effect on palatability, digestibility, and nutrient availability of a pet food; they all determine how well the pet food will meet an animal's nutrition needs |
| AAFCO | Association of American Feed Control Officials; they define food and feed ingredients |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration; they oversee and approve ingredients and additives in pet food |
| USDA | US Department of Agriculture; oversee and approve ingredients and additives in pet food |
| are some ingredient sources better than others? | once digested, the body cannot tell where the amino acid or vitamins come from |
| common ingredients | meat, poultry, seafood, grains, additives |
| meat, poultry, seafood | includes byproducts and meals; animal tissues are a source of protein, fat, calcium, phosphorous, and minerals |
| grains | includes byproducts, meals, and fiber; plants are excellent sources of protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and minerals |
| additives | includes nutritional additives, preservatives, flavorings, and food colorings |
| nutritional supplements | including vitamin supplements, minerals, amino acid supplements |
| preservatives | helps prevent spoilage and rancidity |
| flavors | palatability enhancers, added to pet foods to increase tastiness (animal digest, brewer's yeast) |
| color | appearance of flavor difference |
| dry pet food | less than <8% moisture, approximately 1300-2000 kcal ME/lb of food; convenient to feed and store, costs less, dry, crunchy helps keep teeth clean, may have a lower palatability |
| semi-moist pet food | 25-35% moisture, approximately 1200-1350 kcal ME/lb of food; greater palatability than dry foods, convenient to feed, easy to store, greater cost |
| wet pet food | 70-75% moisture, approximately 1600-2300 kcal ME/lb of food; greatest palatability, greater cost, less convenient to serve, unused food must be refrigerate to avoid spoilage |
| therapeutic diets | foods formulated for pets with specific health conditions, must be used under the supervision and/or direction of a veterinarian |
| well-pet diets | food formulated for health pets, including kittens/puppies, adults, and seniors |
| under AAFCO guidelines, all labels must display: | principal display panel, information panel, nutritional adequacy statement, feeding guidelines |
| named ingredient | if product name includes a named ingredient, it must make up at least 95% of total product by weight; if it includes a combination of named ingredients, must make up at least 95% of product weight, each ingredient must be at least 3% of product weight |
| qualifier term | if product name includes a qualifier term, it must be more than 25% but less than 95% of food's weight; formula, dinner, dish, entree, platter |
| with statement | if the product name includes a 'with' statement, it must contain at least 3% of the named ingredient by weight |
| flavor designation | if the product name includes the word flavor, it only needs to contain a detectable amount of the name flavor ingredient |
| product designation | aka generic name; indicated with species the food is formed for |
| net weight of contents | must be stated in both custom and metric systems, usually displayed in the lower 3rd of principal display panel |
| information panel | AAFCO defines it as part of the label immediately contiguous and to the right of the principal display panel; must include guaranteed analysis, ingredient list, statement of calorie content, manufacturer/distributor information |
| guaranteed analysis | must include % crude protein (max), % crude fat (min), % crude fiber (max), % moisture (max); manufacturers have the option to list nutrient guarantees like vitamins, minerals, amino acids |
| ingredients list | list all ingredients used in descending order by weight, list them in the same size, color, and font; make NO reference to the quality/grade of ingredients |
| statement of calorie content | stated as kilocalories (kcal) of metabolizable energy (ME) per kilogram (kg) of food |
| manufacturer or distributor information | name of manufacturer/distributor, address of manufacturer/distributor |
| information panel categories by AAFCO | brand name, species name, guaranteed analysis, feeding directions, manufacturer's name/address/guarantor, nutritional adequacy statement, net quantity statement, ingredient statement |
| nutritional adequacy statement | states that the food provides complete/balanced nutrition, indicated which life stage the food is approved for, can be placed anywhere on the pet food label, conduct animal feeding trials, compare to AAFCO nutrient profile, integrate into product family |
Created by:
mkroon26
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