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Dentistry Year 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 animal benefits of dentistry | 1. improves both the quality and quantity of life 2. helps prevent infection in the other organs because the mouth is connected to the blood stream 3. use their mouths for more than just eating, drinking, and vocalizing, also to grasp and hold things |
| clinical benefit if dentistry | it is a great source of income |
| Define: Apically | moving towards the apex or the tip of the root |
| Define: peri-apical | around the apex of the root |
| Define: neck/cervical region | where the root and crown meet |
| Define: coronally | traveling from the neck to the tip or cusp of the crown |
| Define: labial | surface towards the tips |
| Define: buccal | surface towards the cheek |
| Define: lingual | surface of teeth towards the long |
| Define: palatal | surface of the teeth towards the palate |
| Define: distal | surface of the tooth closest to the tooth behind |
| Define: mesial | surface of the tooth closest to the tooth in front |
| Define: furcation | in a multi-rooted tooth it is the area where the roots join together |
| Define: crown | portion of the tooth above the gum line covered with enamel |
| Define: root | portion of the tooth below the gum line covered with cementum |
| Define: cusp | tip of the crown |
| Define: apex | most terminal aspect of the root |
| what is the hardest substance in the body | enamel |
| what is enamel composed of | crystals arranged in prisms |
| when is enamel formed | during tooth development and stops being formed prior to tooth eruption |
| what makes enamel slow to stain and easy to clean | non-porous, impervious, and smooth |
| what is the thickness of enamel in cats, dogs, and humans | cats: 0.1-0.3 mm dogs: 0.1-0.6 mm humans: 1-2 mm |
| what makes up the bulk of the tooth | dentin |
| dentin is hard as _________ but softer than ________. | bone, enamel |
| how is dentin arranged | in tubules that run from the enamel to the pulp |
| dentin contains sensitive nerves that detect what... | heat, cold, touch and pressure |
| what is dentin produced | throughout the life of the tooth |
| 3 types of dentin | 1. primary: formed prior to tooth eruption 2. secondary: formed continuously 3. irregular secondary/tertiary: formed in areas exposed to injury |
| Dentin VS Debris | Dentin: -brown -smooth and shiny when wet or dry -hard and cannot be removed Debris: -black -dull when dry -can be removed with scaler |
| what is cementum | calcified connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth |
| Define: ankylosis | the fusion of cementum and the surrounding bone, this causes periodontal ligament to be lost |
| what is pulp | loose connective tissue containing blood and nerve fibers |
| what is the pulp chamber | cavity inside the dentin which contains pulp and decreased in size with age |
| why does the pulp chamber have horns | correspond to the shape of the overlying tooth cusp |
| what is the alveolar bone | it is the bone that surrounds and supports the teeth |
| what is the alveolar crest | crest of bone between the teeth |
| what is the lamina dura | cribriform plate of bone lining the alveolus |
| Define: apical delta | diverging branches of root canal |
| Define: apical foramen | openings in the apex to allow the vessels through |
| Define: epithelial attachment | strips of squamous epithelium attached at the cento-enamel junction |
| Define: gingiva | covers the alveolar bone and neck of the teeth, first line of defence against mastication and bacterial invasion |
| 3 regions of gingiva | 1. free/marginal gingiva (non attached sitting on the surface) 2. attached gingiva (bound to root cementum and bone) 3. interdental gingiva (gingiva found between teeth) |
| common and normal sulcus ranged for dogs and cats | cats: 0.5-1mm (normal is 0-1mm) dogs: 1.0-3.0mm (normal is 0-3mm) |
| what is the periodontal ligament | connective tissue which attaches and supports the teeth in the alveolus |
| where is the periodontal ligament located | between the tooth and the alveolar bone |
| 7 vital functions of periodontal ligament | 1. shock absorber 2. transmit force to alveolar bone 3. attachment of tooth to alveolar bone 4. maintenance of gingival adaptation 5. soft tissue casing 6. supplies nutrients 7. provides tactile and proprioceptive info |
| what are incisors used for | to grasp food and grooming coats |
| what are canines used for | catch, hold and kill prey. as well as for dense and display |
| what are premolars used for | hold prey and shearing food |
| what are molars used for | grinding food |
| canine primary teeth dental formula | 2 (i 3/3, c 1/1, p 3/3)= 28 |
| canine permanent teeth dental formula | 2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)= 42 |
| feline primary teeth dental formula | 2 (i 3/3, c1/1, p 3/2) = 26 |
| feline permanent teeth dental formula | 2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1) = 30 |
| what teeth are felines missing | 105, 205, 305, 405, 110, 210, 410, 310, 411, 311 |
| how to grade periodontitis | PD0= healthy gingiva and deeper periodontal structure PD1= gingivitis only PD2= less than 25% attachment loss PD3= 25-50% attachment loss PID4= greater than 50% attachment loss |
| grading mobility index | MO= no tooth mobility M1= tooth moves one way M2= tooth moves 2 ways M3= tooth circles in socket |
| furcation index | F1= furcation exposed can feel it F2= instrument can pass through it F3= can see through it |
| things you should check in your pre-prophylaxis | 1. age and general health evaluation 2. head examination 3. inside oral cavity 4. pre-prophylaxis antibiotics |
| when should you give pre antibiotics when they have mild gingivitis | one hour prior |
| when should you give pre antibiotics when they have severe gingivitis | one day prior |
| when should you give pre antibiotics when they have severe periodontitis | 7-10 days prior |
| 4 things included in patient safety during a prophylaxis | 1. cuffed ET tube 2. packing the oropharynx area with gauze 3. adjustable table for draining 4. cover up the eyes of the patient with gauze |
| 3 things included in technician safety during a prophylaxis | 1. pre-prophylaxis chlorhexidine rinse 2. goggles, face mask, and gloves 3. proper equipment and being careful when others are in close proximity |
| scaling equipment involved in a prophylaxis | 1. hand instruments 2. ultrasonic cleaner 3. polisher 4. rinse and fluoride |
| 2 anesthetic equipment needed for a prophylaxis | 1. gas anesthetic machine 2. some sort of monitoring equipment |
| what are the plaque indicies (PI) | 0= no plaque 1= thin films along gingival margin 2= moderate accumulation in sulcus 3= abundant soft material in sulcus |
| what are the calculus indicies (CI) | 0= no calculus 1= supra-gingival extending just below free gingival margin 2= moderate amount of sub and supra-gingival 3= abundance of both supra and sub-gingival |
| steps of Prophylaxis | 1. pre-op rinse with Chlorhexadine 2. subra-gingival scaling with sonic or ultrasonic scalers 3. sub-gingival scaling with curet 4. examination with explorer 5. polishing (5 sec/tooth) 6. sub gingival irrigation 7. fluoride treatment 8. charting |
| when charting if a tooth is removed what do we write down | put an "X" through that tooth |
| when charting if a tooth is missing what do we write down | put a circle around that tooth |
| 7 reasons to take dental x-rays | 1. young animals 2. extent of periodontal disease 3. missing teeth 4. prior to, during, or after extraction 5. evaluable maxilla and mandible 6. chipped/broken tooth 7. teeth in cats with a history of resorptive lesions |
| what do we do post prophylaxis | 1. monitor oral cavity 2. monitor animal 3. post-op meds |
| what is a scaler | instrument with 2 cutting edges per end and sharp tips |
| 3 types of scalers | - straight sickle - curved sickle - taylor scaler |
| what is a curet | instrument that has a rounded back and toe |
| 2 types of curets | - universal curet (two cutting edges and facial surface is 90 degrees) - gracey curet (one cutting edge per end and facial surface is 60-60 degrees |
| what are scalers used for | supragingival scaling only |
| what are curets used for | subgingival, supragingival scaling and root planning |
| what are a probe used for | -measures sulcus depth and attachment loss |
| what is the explorer used for | identify abnormalities in enamel and any missed calculus |
| what is a hoe used for | supragingival scaling only to remove gross calculus |
| what do all hand instruments consist of | a handle, a shank/neck, and a working end |
| when to sharpen instruments | before, during, or after a procedure |
| what does the acrylic stick tell us about the instrument | how much "bite" it has and if the instrument needs to be sharpened |
| what are sharpening stones used for | used to restore the cutting surface without changing the original shape of the instrument |
| what is the purpose of polishing the teeth | smooth out the thousands of microgrooves left in the tooth surface to make plaque re-accumulation more difficult |
| what is the water pik used for | effectively rinsing the gingival sulcus after a complete prophylaxis |
| explain the Triadan System | 3 digit number for each tooth: - first digit is which quadrant it is in - second and third digits indicate exact tooth and location |
| quadrants for permanent teeth | - upper right is 1 -upper left is 2 -lower left is 3 -lower right is 4 |
| quadrants for deciduous teeth | -upper right is 5 -upper left is 6 -lower left is 7 -lower right is 8 |
| what is the purpose of the stream of water that comes out of mechanical scalers | 1. enhances vibrations 2. cool the scaler and the tooth 3. flushes away debris for better visualization |
| what are the ultrasonic cleaners used for | remove heavy deposists of calculus |
| what are the 2 types of ultrasonic cleaners | 1. magnetostrictive 2. piezoelectric |
| describe the magnetoscritctive scaler | stack is made up of a group of metal strips. when the power is turned on the magnetic field produced by the coil causes the metal strips in the stack to vibrate (works as a jackhammer) |
| how should the magnetoscrictive scaler be used | -only the side of the tip should be used since it asks as a jackhammer and can gouge the enamel -only used on tooth for 15 seconds because of the heat build up |
| describe the piezoelectric scaler | works by converting alternating currents through a piezoelectric crystal. the tip vibrates in a linear motion. there is also no heat buildup |
| describe the sonic scaler | run by compressed air. vibrations are produced by the air passing through a metal rotor in the hand-piece. no heat build up |
| what scaler is considered the least efficient | sonic |
| what is the final step in a dental prophylaxis | fluoride |
| what are the 3 major benefits of fluoride treatment | 1. fluoride reduces the sensitivity of the teeth 2. the tooth enamel is strengthened by the anti-osteoclastic action of the fluoride 3. provides some antibacterial action which prevents the buildup of plaque for some time |
| how long should fluoride be left on the tooth | 1-4 minutes depending on the brand |
| 2 major components of dental x-ray unit at UGRC | 1. master control: contains electronic circuitry 2. control panel: contains all switches and dials |
| what are the two types of film speed | D and E speed film (E is two times as fast as D) |
| D speed film is also known as | Ultra speed |
| E speed film is also known as | Ekta-speed |
| what would you use each film size for going from #0-#4 | #0: best for felines and small dog posterior teeth #2: best for medium and large dog posterior teeth #3: narrow and can be used as above #4: can be used for anterior teeth and supporting structures |
| where is the proper area to store film | cool dark area and not in an X-ray room |
| what order are the chemicals used in the chair side darkroom | 1. developer 2. rinse water 3. fixer 4. rinse water |
Created by:
jscott41
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