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Lymphatic part 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How specific is adaptive immunity? | Highly specific! Can discriminate between pathogen vs. non- pathogen structures, and miniscule differences in molecular structures |
| How do young animal gain immunity? | Young animals that are not immune-competent must rely on “passive” immunity from their mothers milk. VERY important that youngsters nurse from their mothers to gain this immunity! |
| What are autoimmune diseases? | Sometimes lymphocytes begin to recognize certain parts of the body as “foreign.” As a result autoantibodies are produced and target the tissue of its own body. |
| What is the cause of autoimmune diseases? | No known cause for most autoimmune diseases but researchers think maybe a combination of genetic predisposition coupled with other factors such as certain viruses or environmental. |
| What are the treatments are there for autoimmune diseases? | Treatments involve immunosuppressive drugs that stop the destruction of the body itself, but makes the animal highly susceptible to infectious diseases. |
| How can you gain protection against disease? | Can come from a natural infection or Can come from a Vaccination |
| What is "primary response"? | -When first exposed to an antigen takes about 3-14 days for antibodies to be produced. -Some cells develop into memory cells -Memory cells survive for long periods and are responsible for a much quicker response the next time the antigen is encountered |
| What is "secondary response"? | -It is the secondary response that prevents an animal from developing an infectious disease a second time |
| What are modified live vaccines (MLV)? | -Made from modified strains of the pathogen - The strain is weakened, allowing it to divide after the injection but not create clinical disease. |
| What are killed vaccines? | -Made from a killed pathogen -Pathogen can no longer divide but still has all its antigens -First shot given to stimulate primary response -Needs boosters -High levels of antibodies are produced and memory of the antigen is established. |
| Rabies | Virus that affects the central nervous system. Passed through saliva (often bites). Fatal. ZOONOTIC |
| Distemper | Virus that attacks multiple body systems. Usually starts with respiratory system, then GI, and last the central nervous system. Often fatal. Passed by direct contact and/or airborne |
| Hepatitis (Adenovirus) | Viral disease causing disease of the liver. Spread by body fluids. Severity depends on strain |
| Parvovirus | Intestinal virus characterized by vomiting and diarrhea, especially seen and fatal in puppies. Passed through feces. |
| Leptospirosis | Bacterial infection. Spread by contaminated (often wild) animal’s urine which in turn contaminates soil and water. Symptoms and severity range (CAN be fatal). Treated with antibiotics. ZOONOTIC -What is the risk factor? Dogs exposed to outdoors often |
| Bordetella | Bacteria associated with respiratory disease often called “kennel cough.” HIGHLY contagious through direct or indirect contact. Disease usually presents mildly. If treatment = antibiotics -What is the risk factor? Daycare, borading, dog park, grooming |
| Lyme | Bacterial illness transmitted from deer ticks. Causes inflammation and in joints and general malaise. Treated with antibiotics but can be recurrent. -What is the risk factor? Hiking, wooded areas, and high deer population |
| What is lymphoma? | Cancerous proliferation of Lymphocytes -One of the most common diagnosed cancers in dogs -Most common type in dog (80%) is multicentric lymphoma which usually presents in the lymph nodes -Commonly originates in lymph nodes but can spread |
| Cause of lymphoma? | Unknown and affects all ages and breeds |
| What are the symptoms of lymphoma? | Enlarged, non-painful lymph nodes, loss of appetite, weight loss, lethargy, etc... |
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