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Lymphatic part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is the thymus important? | It is important in the maturation of T-cells |
| Why are very young and very old animals compromised? | As animals age size and function diminish, which leaves the very young and old compromised by not maintaining good antibody levels. |
| Define edema | Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid |
| What can cause edema? | -Disease in lymphatic system -Changes in pressure -Inflammation due to trauma |
| Inflammation is a very abnormal response T/F | False, inflammation is a normal response to disease or injury |
| What are the signs of inflammation? | -Erythema (reddening of skin) -Heat (due to increased blood flow and cellular activity) -Edema (in order to cushion and dilute toxin) - Algesia (pain) -Decreased use and guarding of the injured area |
| Practice: First line of defense in the back of the throat? | Tonsils |
| Practice: Lymphoid organ located in thoracic cavity cranial to the heart. Site of Tcell maturation. | Thymus |
| Practice: Excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid | Edema |
| Practice: Where is the spleen located? What is an enlarged on called? | -Left craniodorsal abdominal cavity -Splenomegaly |
| What is an antigen? | Any foreign molecule that is capable of stimulating an immune response |
| What is the innate immune response? | -First responders -Neutrophils & Macrophages phagocytize the antigen (eat it up!) -Fragments of that antigen are moved to the surface of the cell and stimulates the activity of other immune cells |
| Adaptive Immunity | Humoral response (immunity through antibody production) antigen kicks in to create an army |
| T-Lymphocytes (T-cells) | Specialize in various aspects of immune response |
| B-Lymphocytes (B-cells) | Mature in bone marrow, once mature has specialized protein receptors on its surface All are UNIQUE & will bind to a PARTICULAR antigen Once it finds the antigen it matches it will stimulate the humoral response and start making clones to make an army! |
| What are plasma cells and memory cells? | Some of these clones become active fighters or Plasma cells and others stay back and become Memory cells |
| Which cells have LOT of rough ER and become antibody making factories? | Plasma cells |
| How do antibodies interact with antigens? | These antibodies bind with the antigen and neutralize the enemy until a Macrophage can take care of it |
| What is the differences of response times in innate vs. adaptive immunity? | -Innate immunity: Fast, minutes or hours -Adaptive immunity: Slow, days |
| How specific is innate immunity? | Not very specific, associated with general pathogens or foreign particles |
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