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Nutrition Lecture 7
Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| energy is needed to | fuel all body functions |
| energy producing nutrients in food are | carbs, proteins, fats |
| functions of energy | involved in countless biochemical rxns, fueling metabolic rxns, metabolism of other nutrients in the diet, regulation of body temperature, normal body growth/tissue maintenance, gestation/lactation, movement/activity |
| gross energy (GE) | total amount of potential energy in food; determined by measuring the heat produced while a food burns down to it's end products |
| energy lost in feces | accounts for the since largest loss of consumed nutrients; consists of energy from undigested food and intestinal microorganisms |
| digestible energy (DE) | amount of food energy that is digested and absorbed; determined by measuring the gross energy consumed and fecal energy |
| DE = | GE - FE |
| energy lost in urine and gases | relatively stable in cats and dogs; usually ignored |
| metabolizable energy (ME) | amount of energy available for use by the animal; determined by measuring the gross energy consumed, energy lost in feces, and energy lost in urine and gases |
| ME = | GE - FE - energy lost in urine and gases |
| heat increment of food | this heat is produced by digestion and metabolism (exceeds the head produced by basal metabolism); increase in heat production following a meal |
| net energy (NE) | energy available to the dog or cat for maintenance and production needs; stored in the body, usually as fat |
| NEm = | ME - heat increment of food |
| NEp = | ME - heat increment of food - NEm |
| calorie | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celsius |
| kilocalorie | equal to 1000 calories |
| resting energy requirement (RER) | the number of kcal an animal's body needs to maintain basic life functions |
| maintenance energy requirement (MER) | the number of kcal an animal's body needs to maintain basic life functions and to support activities like obtaining/digesting food, standing, and moving |
| how much of the food adult cats and dogs eat is used to meet their daily energy needs? | 80% |
| the amount of energy derived from a food depends on | amount of food eaten, energy density, nutrient composition, digestibility, bioavailability of nutrients |
| energy requirements are influenced by | neuter status, activity level, body size, breed, environment, life stage |
| how does body size influence energy requirements? | large animals produce more heat than small animals, but small animals produce more heat per pound of body weight |
| puppy/kitten energy requirements | growing puppy/kitten requires 2-4x more energy per pound of BW than an adult |
| adult dog/cat energy requirements | maintenance when it reaches it's mature adult size and is not pregnant, lactating, or working vigorously |
| reproducing dog/cat energy requirements | can be 2-4x greater at end of gestation and early lactation, depends on size and age of litter |
| older dog/cat energy requirements | older dogs have a decrease in energy requirement, older cats tend to have an increase in energy requirement |
| how does the environment affect an animal's energy requirement? | pets that are housed outdoors or are exposed to extreme weather usually require extra energy |
| how does neuter status affect an animal's energy requirement? | neutering or spaying can cause dogs/cats to carry excess body weight |
| how does breed affect energy requirements? | in dogs, breeds have differing lean body mass, temperatures, adn activity levels; in cats, temperament has more of an impact onf energy requirement than breed |
| assessing energy intake | monitoring BW reveals weight gain or loss; BCS reflects the balance between calorie intake and energy requirements |
Created by:
mkroon26
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