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Clin Path Quiz 8
Lecture 8: Differential WBC Count
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basophilic | blue staining structures |
| acidophilic/eosinophilic | pink staining structures |
| neutrophilic | pink/blue/gray staining structures |
| granulocytes | mature WBCs containing granules in the cytoplasm when stained; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| agranulocytes | mature WBCs that do not contain specific staining granules in their cytoplasm; lymphocytes, monocytes |
| neutrophils | most numerous WBC in the dog; nucleus is irregularly segmented, light neutrophilic cytoplasm (pale pink), small granules in the cytoplasm |
| neutrophil function | responsible for recognizing and phagocytizing foreign material; first WBCs on the scene |
| band neutrophils | immature neutrophils, lack segmentation of the nucleus |
| polymorphonuclear | nucleus is irregularly segmented |
| neutrophil normals | canine: 3000-9600/uL (42-84%) feline: 2300-10700/uL (27-83%) |
| neutropenia and its causes | decreased number of neutrophils; overwhelming infection |
| neutrophilia and its causes | increased number of neutrophils; bacterial infection, inflammation, glucorticoid (steroid/stress) response |
| barr body | extra appendage of chromatin found on the nucleus of female animals |
| eosinophils | cell is slightly larger than neutrophil in size, cytoplasm contains granules w/ 'basic' protein/stain red orange |
| eosinophil function | respond to immune complexes and chemotactic factors that occur with allergic and parasitic reactions |
| eosinophil normals | canine: 100-2100/uL (1-18%) feline: 100-2200/uL (1-15%) |
| eosinopenia and its causes | decreased number of eosinophils; difficult to document |
| eosinophilia and its causes: | increased number of eosinophils; allergic reactions, parasitism |
| basophils | very rare cell in the blood, segmented nucleus, cytoplasm contains large, acidic granules that stain dark blue/purple |
| basophils function | granules contain histamine and heparin; histamine is released during allergic rxns and heparin is an anticoagulant; NO phagocytic behavior |
| basophil normals | canine: 0-100/uL (0-1%) feline: 0-100/uL (0-2%) |
| basopenia and its causes | decreased number of basophils; difficult to document |
| basophilia and its causes | increased number of basophils; allergic reaction, parasitism, mast cell tumors |
| lymphocytes | most numerous agranulocyte in the blood, single round nucleus, small amount of cytoplasm that is more lightly stained compared to nucleus |
| lymphocyte function | primary role is to recognize foreign antigens and produce antibodies; NOT phagocytic |
| 4 types of lymphocytes | T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, natural killer cells |
| T lymphocytes | assist in the intermediate immune response and activate B lymphocytes |
| B lymphocytes | most stay in lymph nodes and spleen, responsible for antibody production by differentiating into plasma cells when activated by their unique antigen |
| plasma cells | produce, store, and release antigen-specific antibodies or immunoglobulins |
| natural killer cells | kill virus infected cells and neoplastic cells |
| reactive lymphocytes | sensitized lymphocyte; lymphocyte that has been exposed to an antigen and is undergoing protein synthesis to create antibodies |
| lymphocyte normals | canine: 1100-4500/uL (9-47%) feline: 1200-6800/uL (9-56%) |
| lymphopenia and its causes | decreased number of lymphocytes; glucorticoid response, severe disease, immunosuppressive drugs |
| lymphocytosis and its causes | increased number of lymphocytes; viral infection, vaccination, emotional stress |
| monocytes | largest WBC in circulation; moderate amount of cytoplasm which stains darker compared to other cells, cytoplasm may contain vacuoles |
| monocyte function | clean up crew; remove dead and damaged cells, ingest antigens and present them to lymphocytes, etc. |
| monocyte normals | canine: 100-1000/uL (2-12%) feline: 100-400/UL (0-6%) |
| monocytopenia and its causes | decreased number of monocytes; decrease is rare |
| monocytosis and its causes | increased number of monocytes; chronic disease/infection, suppurative disease, glucorticoid response |
| pros/cons of manual differential WBC count | decreased risk of incorrect counting if well practiced, better for identifying abnormal morphology and band neutrophil; time consuming, decreased accuracy b/c only counting 100 cells, room for human error |
| pros/cons of automated differential WBC count | rapid results, counting a larger number of cells means increased accuracy; potential for miscounting abnormal cells, higher risk on inaccuracy with species variation |
Created by:
mkroon26
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