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Cardia
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| What is used to measure BP? | sphygmomanometer |
| How are the sounds of a heart created and what does it normally sound like? | Sounds are created by the synchronous closure of the valves. First sound (lub) & second sounds (dub) lub-dub |
| WHat are murmurs and what causes them? | Turbulent blood abnormal sounds (swooshing sounds), Leaky vessels, stenotic (narrowing) valves or vessels, and septal defects are most freq. causes. |
| Tachycardia | Fast heartbeat |
| Bradycardia | Slow heartbeat |
| Arrhythmia | Irregular heartbeat |
| What is an echocardiogram used for? | • Useful in determining how well the heart can contract • Ultrasound is used to create visual images of the heart in motion • Can reveal location and severity of turbulence and visualize cardiomegaly (enlarged heart) |
| What is an electrocardiography and what is it used for? | • All myocardial activity is controlled by an electrical system called the cardiac conduction system • Electrocardiograph (ECG) machine is used to record this activity |
| Heart disease is as common in animals as humans T/F | Heart disease (as observed in human) is uncommon in domestic animals |
| What are the risks that cause cardiac arrest in animals? | Cardiac arrest in animals is more often a risk of anesthesia/surgery or severe systematic disease or trauma |
| How often and why does hypertension occur is animals? | Hypertension does occur, but not often. When it does it is usually INHERITED |
| How are cardiac defects usually detected when animals are young? | Cardiac defects are often discovered early in life because of the murmur they create |
| Cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle) is a very common disease (accounts for 2/3 of all heart disease in cats) |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) | •The thickening of the left ventricle •Occurs most freq. in cats and is likely hereditary (breeds most affected are Maine Coons, Persians, and Ragdolls) |
| How can HCM be diagnosed? | Echocardiogram can be used to definitively diagnose |
| Symptoms of HCM | Symptoms: Cats with cardiac issues do not tend to cough like dogs, but instead tend to mouth breathe and even pant, often lethargic and experience anorexia |
| Possible complication that is seen with HCM | “Saddle thrombosis” – a dislodged clot making cats unable to use hind limbs – very painful! Hind feet often pale and cool to the touch. |
| Treatment for HCM | No cure, but medications can be given to alleviate lung congestion and improve heart function |
| Dialatory Cardiomyopathy (DCM) | • Heart’s ability to pump blood is decreased bc the heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle) is enlarged and weakened. • More common in dogs (especially large breeds, like Boxers & Dobermans.) |
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