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Body Structure Terms
Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organism | An individual animal or plant |
| Cells | The basic structural units of living organisms |
| Plasma membrane | Cell's outer boundary |
| Centrioles | Structures that function in cell reproduction |
| Cilia | Hairlike extensions on the surface of those cells capable of movement |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Membrane network of roads and channels that wind through cytoplasm |
| Flagella | A sperm cells tail |
| Lysosomes | The cell's digestive system |
| Mitochondria | Power plants that burn food in the presence of oxygen to make cell energy |
| Ribosomes | Protein factories that make proteins |
| Anabolism | The building metabolic phase; grows; maintains, and repairs body structures |
| Biology | The study of life and life processes |
| Catabolism | The breaking-down metabolic phase; producing energy from food and oxygen |
| Chromosomes | Short, tightly coiled rods that contain genes |
| Cyt/o | A cell |
| Cytoplasm | A substance between the plasma membrane and nucleus of all cells |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, the chemical genes are made of |
| Genea | Regions of DNA organized into the body's blueprint |
| Kary/o | The nuclues |
| Karyoplasm | The substance of the nucleus |
| Karyotype | A picture of chromosmes in the nucleus of a cell |
| Metabolism | The chemical processes by which cells obtain and use energy |
| Nucleus | The spheroid body within a cell that dictates protein production; controls transport, metabolism, growth, and heredity |
| Organelles | Structures within cytoplasm |
| -plasm | Formative, formed material |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid, needed for production of protein within cells |
| Tissue fluid | A saltwater solution that bathes every cell in the body |
| Epithelial Tissue | - Formed from epithelial cells, epithelial tissue is skin, but it also covers organs, lines body cavities, and forms portions of some ducts and glands - It protects the body and absorbs, secretes, and excretes substances |
| Muscle Tissue | -Voluntary or striated muscle tissue is controlled by conscious effort -Striated- streaked or scratched -Involuntary or smooth muscle tissue works without conscious effort -Controlled by the nervous system and keeps automatic systems moving |
| Connective Tissue | - Fat, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, and scar tissue are all specialized forms of connective tissue - This is a fibrous tissue with several functions, chief among them being to connect or support other body structures |
| Nerve Tissue | Extends throughout the body to carry messages to and from the brain |
| Organ | A somewhat independent body part that performs a specific function or functions |
| Cranial cavity | Housing the brain and pituitary gland |
| Spinal Cavity | Housing the spinal cord |
| Thoracic Cavity | Housing the lungs |
| Abdominal cavity | Housing the major digestive organs |
| Pelvic cavity | Housing the urinary and reproductive organs |
| Diaphragm | A muscle-membrane wall that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| Dorsal | Towards the back |
| Ventral | Toward the lower surface |
| Pleura | A double membrane that surrounds each lungs |
| Pleural cavity | The space between the lungs and the pleura |
| Peritoneum | A double membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and its organs |
| Peritoneal cavity | The space between membranes encasing the organs and the other membrane wall |
| Lymph system | Responsible for carrying nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases to and from body cells and providing protection and immunity from harmful organisms |
| Cardiovascular system | Circulates blood throughout the body to deliver nutrients to and remove waste from organs |
| Endocrine system | Secretes hormones |
| Digestive system | Processes food for nutrient absorption |
| Integumentary system and sensory organs | Encases the body, regulates temperature, and communicates touch and many other sensory functions |
| Musculoskeletal system | Skeletal system supports body structures; muscular system carries out nerve commands to produce movement |
| Nervous system | Carries nerve impulses to and from the brain |
| Respiratory sytem | Conducts oxygen into, and carbon dioxide out of, the body |
| Reproductive systems | Enables the organism to reproduce |
| Urinary system | Produces and excretes urine |
Created by:
tsimon033
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