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lab 4 virology
lab 4 test 1 virology,serology, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is virology | The study of viruses and viral diseases |
| What type of parasites are viruses | obligate intracellular |
| DO all viruses cause DZ | no |
| Which immune system will the virus first enter | innate immune system |
| What is the second immune system the virus enters | adaptive immune system |
| How are viruses classified | by host and chmical and physical properties |
| what are the 4 classifications by host | bacterial,plant, animal and fungal |
| what are the 3 chemical and physicals propeties of a virus | nuclear material, size and shape, and presence or absence of envelope |
| What is another name for a non-enveloped virus | naked virus |
| what is the largest virus | Pox virus |
| what is the smallest virus | parvo |
| Viruses do not possess which normal features of a cell | nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane or cell walls |
| What do viruses possess | nucleic acid, protein coat, and outer capsule |
| How can you distinguish viruses | the type of nucleic acid they use as genetic material and the viral method they employ to coax host cells into producing more viruses |
| WHat is the infectious part of a virus | nucleic acid |
| What are the four shapes of viruses discussed in the notes | helical, icosehedral, enveloped, and complex |
| Which shpae of virus is similar to a long rod | helical |
| Which shape of virus has laeglike structures | complex |
| Which shape of virus looks like a polyhedral | icosehedral |
| Which shape of virus has a capsid surrounded by a membranous envelop | enveloped |
| What are the 7 stages of viral replications | attachment,penetration,uncoating,latent period, replication, viral assembly, viral release |
| Which stage of viral replication is where there is a release of nucleic acid into the host cell | Uncoating |
| Which stage of replication is where it is a non-infective period | latent period |
| Which stage of viral replication : newly produced nucleic acid and protein are assembled into a new, mature virus | viral assembly |
| Which stage of viral replication: Before the virus can enter the cell, it has to attach itself to a specific receptor sites on a cell | attachment |
| What stage of viral replication: entire virus enters the cell via viropexis or endocytosis | Penetration |
| which stage of viral replication: Viral nucleic acid directs the host cell to make viral nucleic acid, protein, enzymes,and other viral parts | replication |
| Which stage of viral replication: New virus is released from cell by lysis of cell or budding from the cell wall | Viral release |
| What is a bacteriophage | bacterial virus |
| Which part of the bacteriophage injects DNA into the bacterium | Tail |
| What do interferons do | inhibits viral multiplication |
| What are the three types of interferons | alpha, betta, and gamma |
| What are alpha produced by | virus-infected leukocytes |
| what are beta produced by | virus-infected fibroblasts |
| what are gamma produced by | derived from antigen stimulated T-cells |
| DO antibiotics have effects on viruses | NO |
| What can a viral infection do to an affected animal | predispose to secondary diseases usually bacterial |
| What are two ways to prevent viral infections | good hygeine and vaccinate |
| what does a virus require to replicate | living tissue |
| DNA enters the cell ______ and replicates | nucleus |
| RNA replicates in the what | cytoplasm |
| What is the goal of a virus | to produce 1000,s of copies of itself to ensure survival |
| Bacteria have a hexagonal head how many sides is that | 6 |
| specimen collection site for viruses depends on what | site depends on clinical signs |
| Continued production of antibodies after the animal is no longer ill, is referred to as the waht | convalescent phase |
| What is the acute phase | the beginning phase |
| What two tubes are required for serological testing | red top tube and puple top tube |
| What are the three strict requirements concerning specimens form reference labs | type, quality, and handling |
| blood samples should be allowed to clot for how long | 20-30 minsq |
| how long and fast do we centrifuge blood | 10 mins at a speed no faster than 1500 rpm |
| Using a woodenapplicator stick to loosen a clost after centrifugation is termed | rimming or ringing the clot |
| The change must be at least two dilution increments, such as increase from 1:4 to 1:16 or greater, to be considered diagnostically significant this is called what | seroconversion |
| The presence of antibodies in the serum may be reported as what 2 things | quantatively and qualitatively |
| Whne an animal is exposed to an infectious agent the first antibodies produced are | IgM |
| What are the 3 most common mistake made when performing serologic tests | use of dirty or contaminated equipment, failure to adhere to instructions, and unfamiliarity with reading results |
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scoobysnax
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