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Agr 322 Final

Final Study Stack

QuestionAnswer
What additive does a Red Top Tube have in it? No additive
What additive does a Purple top tube have in it? EDTA
What additive does a Green top tube have in it? Sodium Heparin
What additive does a Red/Grey marble top tube have in it? Serum Separator (Clot Activator)
What is the anticoagulant of choice for hematological studies? EDTA
What is another name for the hematocrit? Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
The PCV provides which of the following measurements? % Erythrocytes
The refractometer is used to determine what constituent of urine? Specific Gravity
What is the name of the liquid portion of blood that contains fibrinogen? Plasma
List the cellular components of whole blood. (using correct terminology) Plasma, Leukocytes(WBC), Erythrocytes(RBC)
An increase in PCV could indicate which condition? Dehydration
The composition of blood in the normally hydrated canine is______. 55% Plasma and 45% cellular
Orange Capped needle is what gauge. 14g
Gray Capped needle is what gauge. 16g
Pink Capped needle is what gauge. 20g
Blue Capped needle is what gauge. 22g
Green Capped needle is what gauge. 18g
Red Capped needle is what gauge. 25g
True or False: Prior to using a refractometer it is not necessary to calibrate the instrument. False
The refractometer can be utilized to measure what constituent of plasma? Total Plasma Protein
Which scale on the refractometer is used to measure protein? Right Scale
What is the unit of measure for TPP? g/dL
Which cells are found in the buffy coat? Erythrocytes
What are the five types of leukocytes. monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil
What is the normal plasma/serum color in the dog? straw-like
An increase in the thickness of the buffy coat can be an indicator of what? Anemia
What is the function of erythrocytes? Carry oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide
An increase in a red blood cell mass associated with a high PCV is termed? Polycythemia
A decrease in a red blood cell mass associated with a low PCV is termed? Anemia
Which species is known to have the largest area of central pallor? Canine
Which species is known to normally have rouleaux? Equine
A variation in size of erythrocytes is known as ________? Anisocytosis
A three-dimensional aggregation of erythrocytes is known as _______. Agglutination
What type of stain is best to use for hematological morphology studies? Romanowski Type Stain
What is the term for cells of varying shapes? Poikilocytosis
Which cell type appears to have irregular spaced, blunt spicules from the cell? Acanthocyte
Which erythrocyte inclusion is a result of denatured hemoglobin? Heinz bodies
The appearance of metarubricytes and reticulocytes in the peripheral blood is an indication of which type of anemia? Regenerative anemia
A microcytic, hypochromic anemia would most likely be caused by which deficiency? Iron deficiency
What is the average production time line for erythropoiesis from the bone marrow to circulation in the normal animal? 4-6 days
When stained with New Methylene Blue, a Reticulocyte would appear which color? Greenish with purple reticulum
When stained with Romanowsky type stains, a Reticulocyte would appear which color? Bluish-red
Which erythrocyte indice correlates with color of the erythrocyte? MCHC
Which cell shape represents an erythrocyte that has under gone severe vascular trauma? Schistocyte
Which cell type is produced by a shifting of hemoglobin which is a result of oxidation? Eccentrocyte
Which cell types may be seen on a blood smear as artifacts of smearing technique? Dacryocytes and Echinocytes
A blood film that exhibits predominately macrocytic, polychromatic erythrocytes and marked howell-jolly bodies would be indicative of a_______. Regenerative anemia
What stimulates erythropoietin production? Renal tissue hypoxia
Which erythrocyte cell shape results from abnormal cholesterol and/or phospholipids in the cell membrane? Acanthocyte
In an anemia that is the result of toxic, oxidative chemicals or plants, which of the following would be expected to seen on a blood film? Eccentrocytes and Heinz bodies
Which of the following have a elliptical, anucleated erythrocytes? Llama
Which of the following have elliptical, nucleated erythrocytes? Avian
What is the primary source for the production erythropoietin? Kidney
Which type of anemia would exhibit more Poikilocytosis? Regenerative anemia
What are the three granulocytes? Neutrophils, basophils and Eosinophils
Which lymph organ receives T-lymphocyte precursor cells from the bone marrow during early fetal development? Thymus
Which cell is responsible for antibody production? Plasma cell
Which cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity? T-lymphocytes
Which immunoglobulin would correspond with acquisition of maternal antibodies? IgG
Which antibody is found in secretions of the mucous membranes, especially of the respiratory, urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts? IgA
What are the two most common. broad causes of a lymphocytosis? Epinephrine release/excitement and lymphocytic leukemia
Which of the following are agranulocytes? Lymphocytes and Monocytes
Which cells are known to release histamine, heparin, serotonin and dopamine as an initiator of an inflammatory response? Mast cells and Basophils
A physiological reaction to fear and excitement due to epinephrine release produces which response in the leukogram? Neutrophilia and lymphocytosis
What is the primary stimulating factor for granulopoiesis? Antigen stimulation
What is the primary function of the neutrophil? Phagocytosis
A leukocytosis with a neutrophilia would be more indicative of which type of infection? Bacterial
What cells make up the mononuclear phagocytic system? Macrophages and Monocytes
True or False: Once a neutrophil moves into marginal pool it can move back into circulation? True
What is the correct transit time for a neutrophil segmenter to migrate from the circulation poll to the tissues in the normal, healthy animal? 6-10 hours
If a severe bacterial infection created a neutropenia, you would expect to see that appearance of which cells in circulation? Band neutrophil
At what stage of maturation do granulocytes take on their "specific" characteristics for each cell line? Myelocyte
The total leukocyte count determines the amount of cells in the________. Circulating pool
Which response would be typical in the leukogram of an animal being administered steroids? Neutrophilia and lymphopenia
A blood film that exhibits a leukocytosis with a neutrophilia of 15% bands and 42% segs would be indicative of a ____________. Regenerative left shift
Which cell line is most efficient at phagocytizing encapsulated bacteria? Monocytes
Which cell line is most efficient at responding to hypersensitivity situations? Eosinophils
Which of the following is considered a "toxic" change to neutrophils? Cytoplasmic vacuoles
Which of the following is a toxic change that affects the endoplasmic reticulum? Dohle bodies
What is the "act" of a leukocyte migrating through a blood vessel wall to the tissues called? Diapedesis
What morphology would an "old neutrophil" typically have? Hypersegmented nucleus
The movement of a leukocyte toward a target antigen is called? Chemotaxis
Which immunoglobulin is present during hypersensitivity reactions? IgE
Which immunoglobulin is the first to respond to antigen stimulation? IgM
Which immunoglobulin makes up approximately 75% of the total Immunoglobulins found in blood and tissues? IgG
Casts are mucoprotein substances produced in the ________ of the urinary system. Renal tubules
Which urine crystal is very commonly found in animals with ethylene glycol poisoning? Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Which portion of the nephron is responsible for filtration of nitrogenous waste? Glomerulus
White blood cells in the urine are termed _______. Leukouria/Pyouria
Which of the following epithelial cells would be located in the ureters? Transitional
What is the condition termed where specific gravity is similar to the glomerular filtrate? Isothenuria
A decrease in urine production and excretion associated with dehydration is called? Oliguria
A urine sample that is pale yellow in color is associated with which of the following? Polyuria
A patient with cystitis could exhibit which of the following conditions? Pollakuria
Where are enzymes produced? Intracellular
What are enzymes made of? Protein
What causes an enzyme level to increase in the bloodstream? Leakage of enzyme from damaged cells
Which of the following are functions of the liver? Metabolism, Synthesis and Digestion
Which of the following enzymes can be used to evaluate muscle damage? ALT and CK
The stoppage or suppression of bile flow is known as __________. Cholestasis
Which liver enzyme would normally be elevated in young animals ? Alkaline Phosphatase
Which of the following enzymes is liver specific in a cat with hepatocellular damage? ALT
Which of the following is a liver enzyme that is most specific for horses with hepatocellular damage? ID (SD)
Which enzyme would be more preferred to evaluate ruminant hepatocellular damage? GD
Which liver enzyme would used to evaluate cholestasis in adult dogs? Alkaline Phosphatase
Total protein that is increased could indicate ___________. Dehydration
A patient with hypercholesterolemia is likely to have which condition? Hypothryroidism
Bile acid levels can increase in which of the following conditions? Cholestasis, Hepatic cirrhosis, Chronic hepatitis, Portosystemic shunts
Any significant hypoproteinemia is most commonly due to _________. Albumin loss
Which globulin is the major transportation and binding protein? Alpha globulin
Which globulin is important in iron transportation, heme binding and fibrin formation and lyses? Beta globulin
Conjugated bilirubin is also known as ___________. Direct bilirubin
Created by: msallee17
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