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viro final 1
siva
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rinderpest | Morbillivirus (survival pH 6.5-7). |
| Wildlife is NOT a reservoir | Rinderpest. |
| Tx Direct contact (nasal/ocular secretions, body fluids), food & water, aerosol transmission [short distances] & fomites | Rinderpest. |
| NO carrier state | Rinderpest. |
| Vectors:unknown | Rinderpest. |
| Highly Contagious | Rinderpest. |
| CS:fever, depression, anorexia, constipation then hemorrhagic diarrhea, serous/ mucopurulent nasal/ ocular discharge, necrosis/erosion of oral mucosa, enlarged LN, DEATH in 6-12d | classic form Rinderpest. |
| CSyoung animals, fever & congested mucus membranes, DEATH in 2-3d | peracute Rinderpest. |
| mild CS,low mortality,Atypical+/- fever,mild to NO diarrhea,immunosuppression(2ndry infections) | subacute Rinderpest. |
| Lesion:Esophagus(brown,necrotic foci)Omasum(rare erosions/hemorrhage)SI,abomasum,cecum,colon (Tiger striping)LN(swollen)Gall bladder(hemorrhagic mucosa)Lungs(emphysema,congestion,pneumonia) | Rinderpest. |
| Destroys entire populations of cattle-economically important | Rinderpest. |
| Predisposing factors:Naïve populations, young, or mild forms of DZ | Rinderpest. |
| Epidemics are seen in all ages | Rinderpest. |
| Morbidity (90%),Mortality (100pct-especially naive populations) | Rinderpest. |
| DX:CS/Lesions(Tiger/Zebra-striping),VI(from WBC in buffy coat,lacrimal fluid,necrotic foci,aspirations of LN,spleen,LN,tonsil),CPE in cell cultures w/IF,AGID(AG detection),ELISA(OIE recommended) | Rinderpest. |
| DDX: IBR, BVD, MCF, F&MDZ, Bluetongue, Salmonellosis, Paratuberculosis, Peste des petits ruminants (DDX via RT-PCR) | Rinderpest. |
| Control: Chemically (glycerol & lipid solvents), Natural (pH2 & 12) | Rinderpest. |
| Prevention:Vacc available(some interfere w/colostral immy) but heat stability is an issue | Rinderpest. |
| Vacc every 3y,Possible eradication in 2010,Other vaccines are more heat stable, recombinant vaccinia & capripox virus available | Rinderpest. |
| small ruminants (similar infection rates in goats & sheep) but more severe in goats | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Sero+:Cattle & Pigs (but they DON’T transmit DZ) | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Horizontal Transmission: Wildlife (unknown), close contact, aerosol, body secretions, fomites (unknown role) | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| No carrier state | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Highly Contagious | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| CS: URT infection leads to catarrhal exudates,Non-hemorrhagic diarrhea, emaciation, dyspnea-death(5-10d)Prognosis correlates w/extent of mouth lesions | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Lesion: Necrotic lesions in the oral cavity & GIT,Zebra stripe in GIT,Lesions are similar to Rinderpest,mucosal erosions,profuse diarrhea,Acute-virus shed in secretions | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| REPORTABLE, ZOONOTIC(List A DZ) | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Seasonal: Africa rainy season | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Morbidity (80-90%), Mortality (50-100%) | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Resembles Rinderpest | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| List A DZ | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Predisposing factors: Endemic areas, young animals, poor nutrition, parasitic infection, goat spp | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| DX: Oral erosions & GI signs,VI,AG detection (ELISA, AGID, counter immuno-electrophoresis, PCR), AB (VN, ELISA), Serology | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| DDX: Rinderpest, Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, Bluetongue, Pasteurellosis, Contagious ecthyma, FMDZ, Heartwater, Coccidiosis, Nairobi sheep DZ, Mineral poisoning | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| TX: None, meds may decr mortality, supportive care | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Control: Virus killed by disinfectants (virus survives in chilled/frozen tissues). Quarantine/slaughter, burn/bury carcass, decontaminate/dispose of fomites, vacc in endemic areas, Importation control | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Prevention: Rinderpest vacc used in Africa,Vacc hinders on going efforts eradicating Rinderpest,attenuatated vacc available in the future | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). |
| Canine Distemper (CDV) | Morbillivirus (survival pH 6.5-7). |
| Dogs & wild carnivores (Big cats, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Canis),High prevelance in young dogs(3-6m) | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Rep in cyto but w/INIB & ICIB. Peplomeres (2 gp: Hemagglutinin & Fusion), Syncitium formation, -sense RNA, susceptible to heat & drying but survives freezing | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Horizontal & Vertical Transmission,Direct contact, aerosols | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Highly Contagious | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Virus sheds 7-90d post infection | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Respiratory secretions have the most virus particles | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Recovered animals harbor virus in CNS | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Lesion: Neurological signs: twitching, paresis/paralysis (begins w/hind limbs), convulsive chewing/salivation (chewing gum seizures), hyperkeratosis (hard pad DZ) on paws & optic neuritis. Involuentary urinating/ deficating | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Skin lesions: Vesicular & pustular dermatitis | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Transplacental infection: pups have severe neurological signs, abort, still birth, weak born, or immunodeficient | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Severe damage to enamel, dentine, or roots-discoloration | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Multisystem involvement | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| High Morbidity, vary Mortality. Mildly virulent-Inapparent infections | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Acute DZ- incidence of encephalitis | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| DDX: Feverish puppies w/multisystmeic signs-Rabies, Leptospirosis, organophosphate poisoning | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| TX: Supportive,Neurological signs-grave prognosis due to progression of signs (if present neuro signs progress) | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Give ABX but avoid Enrofloxicin & Tetracycline for pneumonia | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Prevention: Vacc: MLV (100pct eff but may show neurological signs [may resolve w/TX]) & Recombinant CDV (MABs don’t interfere w/vacc) | Canine Distemper (CDV). |
| Henipavirus | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| Horses, Humans | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| Resistant: Dogs, Chickens, Rats, Mice | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| Horizontal Transmission: Direct contact (extensive) horse-human contact | Hendra (equine morillivirus). Not all exposed become sick |
| Bats-horses (unknown), virus in saliva, contaminated food & possible tick vector | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| CS: Horses: Depressoin, pyrexia, dyspnea, tachycardia, nasal discharge, sudden death in 1-3d after CS onset | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| Lesion: Injected mucus w/a cyanotic border, dependent edema, head pressing, ataxia, frothy nasal discharge, severe interlobular edema | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| ZOONOTIC | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| Control: Assess risk for area (difficult but note sick horses in endemic areas & bats), don’t handle infected body fluids,Heat & chemically (NaDCC granules) disinfect | Hendra (equine morillivirus). |
| Rubulavirus | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Dogs | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Kennel situations | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| CS: UR infection, vocal fold edema (high pitched cough)damage to tracheal epithelium2ndy infection | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Coughing & possible retching in active dogs, productive cough (MABs give variable protection) | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Associated w/Kennel Cough | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Inapparent mild URT DZ | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Predisposing factors: 2wks old or older susceptible, dogs in kennels | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Control: Isolate infected animals, clean kennels, have adequate ventilation | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| Prevention: CPIV incorporated into vacc,MAB don’t interfere w/vacc | Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPIV) 2. |
| CS: Corneal opacity, neurological signs, & reproductive failure | Porcine rubulavirus (Blue eye DZ). |
| High Morbidity & Mortality | Porcine rubulavirus (Blue eye DZ). |
| Respirovirus | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Cattle & Sheep | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Aerosols & Direct contact | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| CS: Pyrexia, cough, serous nasal & lacrimal discharge,incr resp rate,incr breath sounds-worsens w/2ndry bact infection | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Rare for fatalities from uncomplicated infections | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Fatal cases are seen w/complicated (2⁰ bacterial) infections | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Lesion: Cranio-ventral lung consolidation, inflammation, congestion & hemorrhage | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Subclinical/Mild respiratory DZ, associated w/Shipping fever(Mannhemia hemolytica) in cattle | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Initiator of severe 2ndry bacterial pneumonia | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| DX: Inclusion bodies +/- identify virus,VI (nasal secretions), Serology (indirect IFA, ELISA, HI, VN [4 fold↑]) | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Control: More important to control Mannhemia hemolytica | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Prevention: Inactivated & Attenuated vacc available | Bovine Parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3). |
| Pneumovirus | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Characteristic syncytia: infected cells in vivo & in vitro | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Major contributor of bovine respiratory DZ complex | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Calves(moderate-severe infection),Adult cattle (mild-subclinical,rarely severe) | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Persistent infection maintains infection in herds | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Transmission: Aerosols & Direct contact | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| CS: Mild-severe: fever, nasal & lacrimal discharge, coughing & polypnea (may recover in a few days) | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Progression: open-mouth breathing & ABD breathing | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Lesion: Dyspnea & pulmonary emphysema | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Pulmonary DZ in Calves | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Seasonal: autumn & winter | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Predisposing factors: Transportation, overcrowding, adverse weather conditions | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Concurrent infections w/BVD virus-severe CS | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Mortality: 20percent | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| DX: CS/Lesions. Confirmatory lab tests (Nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage, lung tissue, paired serum samples,VI(difficult)AG detection(ELISA, IF, PCR)Serology (VN, ELISA) | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Control: Reduce stress, hygiene, isolate young from older animals, have a closed herd policy | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
| Prevention:MLV & inact vacc(fusion surface glycoprotein)They reduce clinical DZ, but short duration,Vacc for US:2MLV & 1Killed vacc,Passive imm interferes w/vacc,Vacc dams during late gestation-incr specific colostral AB | Bovine Respiratory Syncitial virus(BRSV). |
Created by:
alljacks
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