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PADI - Week 2
How Are X-Rays Produced? & The Health & Safety Of Radiography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What Is Included In The Electromagnetic Spectrum? | -Radio waves -Microwaves -Infrared waves -Visible light -Ultraviolet light -Xrays -Gamma rays |
| Define Wavelength | The distance from one wave peak to the next. |
| Define Frequency | The number of wave peaks passing a set point every second, measured in hertz. |
| What Are The Properties Of Xrays And Gamma Rays (In Terms Of Frequency And Wavelength)? | High frequency and short wavelength, therefore high energy. |
| The Shorter The Wavelength Of The Xray Photons, The Higher The ________ And The Greater Its Penetrating Power | Energy |
| What Is The Image Produced On The Xray Film Dependant On? | -How much x-radiation makes it through the patient to the film -Some materials like bone and metal stop more of the x-radiation from passing through -The amount of material (depth) that the x-rays must travel through also effects what reaches the film |
| Describe The Process Of How The Xray Machine Works | -Xray tube consists of a negative cathode and positive anode -Xray beam is generated by powering a beam of electrons attracted from the cathode to the anode -When the electrons reach the anode they decelerate rapidly releasing heat and xrays |
| What Components Make Up An Xray Machine? | -Rotor -Rotating anode -Filament (cathode) -Focusing cup -Window -Glass envelope |
| What Is The Function Of The Two Exposure Buttons On An Xray Machine? | -1st button preps machine, heats cathode and starts anode rotation -2nd button applies charge |
| How Do X-Rays Produce Biological Changes In Living Tissue? | By altering the structure of atoms or molecules or by causing chemical reactions |
| Why Are The Dangers Of X-Rays Often Underestimated? | -X-Rays are painless and soundless -X-Rays are invisible -Their effects are accumulative and are not always seen immediately |
| What Are Somatic Radiation Effects? | -Changes in the body which occur directly after exposure -To include skin reddening and cracking, blood disorders, hair loss, cataract formation, digestive disorders and damage to foetuses |
| What Are Carcinogenic Radiation Effects? | -The development of tumours within tissues exposed to radiation -May take a considerable amount of time after exposure to form |
| What Are Genetic Radiation Effects? | -Changes to reproductive organs after exposure, resulting in mutations in the chromosomes |
| What Are The Potential Sources Of Radiation Hazards? | -The tube head (older machines may wear down causing radiation to leak through the lead casing) -The primary beam -Scatter radiation (caused when particles of energy from the primary beam hit a surface and 'bounce' off at random) |
| How Can The Risk Of Scatter Radiation Be Reduced? | -Tight collimation of the primary beam -Use of appropriate exposure factors -Use of a lead lined table -Lead backed cassettes |
| How Can Personnel Protect Themselves From Scatter Radiation? | -Stand 2 metres away from the primary beam or behind a lead lined frame -Wear PPE (lead aprons, thyroid protectors, gloves) -Wear personal dosemeters so to measure exposure |
| What Are Some Rules For The Practice X-Ray Room? | -Should display local radiation rules and a system of work, to include the names of personnel authorised to undertake radiography -Must have thick walls -Must have a red light outside of the room to indicate when exposure is taking place |
| When Should Radiography Not Be Performed? | When there is no clinical justification for the radiography. |
| What Is A Radiation Protection Supervisor? | A listed veterinary nurse or veterinary surgeon employed in the practice whose responsibility it is to ensure that radiography is carried out safely and in accordance with local rules and associated system of work. |
| What Is A Radiation Protection Advisor? | A suitably qualified person holding a certificate of competence, not employed by the practice responsible for periodically visiting the practice and inspecting/giving advice regarding the aspects of radiation protection. |
| What Rules Concerning Radiography Are In Place For 16-18 Year Olds? | -If possible they should not be allowed in the control area due to their bodies still developing -A smaller max dose limit is available for them |
| Who Should Not Take Part In Radiography? | -Under 16s -Pregnant |
| What Are The Two Types Of Dosemeter Available? | -Film badges (blue holder) -Thermoluminescent crystal badges (usually in an orange holder) |
| Who Supplies The Dosemeters? | -The national radiation protection board -Old dosemeters periodically swapped for new ones, with the old ones being sent back for reading -Records of the readings should be kept by the practice for 2 years |
| What Should Dosemeters Never Be Exposed To? | -Sunlight -Other sources of radiation (computers) |
| What Is The Maximum Permitted Dose? | The amount of radiation that can be received by the body, or a specific part of it without causing harm. |
| What Are The Health And Safety Rules Surrounding Handling X-Ray Processing Chemicals? | -Should wear PPE (gloves, mask, goggles) -Well ventilated room needed -Waste chemicals should be placed in the original container and collected by an authorised person |
| When Is Manual Patient Restraint For X-Rays Acceptable? | If the patient has a severe sedation/anaesthetic risk. |
Created by:
aimee_knows_nothing
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