Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nursing Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: OD | right eye |
| Define: OS | left eye |
| Define: o | owner |
| Define: Bx | biopsy |
| Define: Dx | diagnosis |
| Define: Hx | history |
| Define: Rx | prescription |
| Define: Sx | surgery |
| Define: Tx | treatment |
| Define: PE | physical exam |
| Define: n | normal |
| Define: NAF | no abnormal findings |
| Define: NSF | no significant findings |
| Define: NPL | no palpable lesions |
| Define: as lib | without restricting amount |
| Define: prn | as required |
| how to book an appointment on the computer | -reason for appointment -first initial of your name and full last name Eg. Check Over- Ears (J.Scott) |
| what does an accurate history include | -signalment -chief complaint -history of present illness -past medical/surgical history -environment history -medication history -dietary history -systems review |
| what is the signalment | age, breed, gender, reproductive status |
| what is the chief complaint | the reason the owner brought the animal in for exaluation |
| what is environmental history | indoor, outdoor, fenced yard, other animals, etc |
| what is a systems review | ask one or two questions regarding each body system to determine if the owner has overlooked important informartion |
| in emergencies situations we use ________ and __________ and ___________ _________ instead of a full PE | triage, primary, secondary status |
| why should medical records be kept? | -legal requirements -consistency of patient care -good client communication -documentation for referrals -communication between staff |
| what does POMR stand for | problem orientated medical record |
| what does the POMR help to prevent | jumping to a diagnoses |
| what are the components of POMR | Data, problems, plans and progress notes |
| what should the POMR data base include | chief complaint, patient signalment, patient history, physical exam findings, diagnostic test results |
| what should the POMR problems list include | clinical abnormalities, physical findings, lab abnormalities, disease states |
| what should the POMR plan include | diagnostic plans, therapeutic plans , and client education |
| how are diagnostic plans made? | form of hypotheses called rule out |
| what should the POMR progress notes include? | written daily, SOAP, DAP |
| what does SOAP stand for and explain each letter | S=subjective: patient appears like O=objective: numbers and hard data A=assessment: vet/tech interpretation of data P=plans: what should be done next |
| what is the master list and where should it be located | -reflects the status of the animals problems -located at the front of the patients medical record |
| Define: disease | abnormal condition of the body which impairs normal function |
| Define: pathology | study of disease |
| Define: Etiology | cause of disease |
| Define: Lesion | abnormality of a tissue |
| Define: Zoonosis | disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans |
| Define: peracute | a disease with a very sudden onset and rapid course |
| Define: acute | disease with a rapid onset and course is several days |
| Define: subacute | disease that fits between acute and chronic |
| Define: chronic | disease with a gradual onset, slow progression, and long duration |
| what is the acronym that is used to help determine the causes of disease | DAMNIT |
| what does DAMNIT stand for | D= development/degenerative A= autoimmune M= metabolic/multifactoral N= nutritional/neoplastic I= immunological/infectious/iartogenic T= toxicoses/traumatic |
| development of diseases are either _____________ when the animal is __________ or ____________ as an animal matures | present, born, develop |
| diseases occur as a result of 4 things | genetics, toxins, infections, unknown causes |
| what are degenerative diseases often known as | wear and tear diseases and they are normally chronic |
| when does an autoimmune diesease occur | when the body develops antibodies or lymphocytes against its own tissues |
| how to metabolic diseases happen | either a little too much or too little hormone is produced leading to metabolic abnormalities |
| what does multi-factoral mean relating to diseases | many diseases have greater than one cause |
| how are nutritional diseases acquired | -obesity is most common -over feeding, under feeding or inappropriate feeding |
| what are neoplastic diseases | diseases that produce tumours or cancer, found in all species |
| what cancer a budgies predisposed to? | renal |
| what cancer are cats predisposed to? | lymphoid |
| what cancer are dogs predisposed to? | mammary |
| what cancer are rabbits predisposed to? | uterine |
| _______% of mammary tumours in dogs are malignant and ___________% of mammary tumours in cats are malignant | 50, 80 |
| what does it mean when a tumour is malignant | likely to metastasize to other sites, particularly the lung and liver |
| what does it mean a tumour is benign | may grow but tend not to spred |
| why does a immunological disease develop | immune system is too active (allergic) or not active enough (infectious) |
| What drug treats Immunological diseases described as "too active" | prednisone |
| what drug treats immunological diseases described as "inactive" | immunostimulants |
| 4 types of infectious diseases | viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic |
| Iatrogenic diseases are caused by..... | by the action of veterinarian, hospital employee, or treatment itself |
| how do you get toxicoses poisoning | deliberate or accidental poisonings, most common in outdoor animals |
| what are the 6 ways that causes environmental diseases | heat, cold, poor hygiene, stress, transport, and crowding |
| what are the 8 basic needs of animals | 1. relief from pain 2. adequate respiration 3. appropriate, comfortable environment 4. adequate levels of rest and activity 5. adequate nutrition 6. proper excretion of waste 7. social interaction with caregivers and owners 8. fluids/electrolytes |
| what is pain? | a perception which results when pain receptors called nociceptors in the nervous system are stimulated by a noxious event |
| pain perception varies according to these 3 things | site, duration, intensity of the stimulus |
| what 2 things can modify pain perception | previous experience, emotional states, and innate individual differences |
| one must suspect pain when..... (4 things) | -condition or surgery is painful for humans -invasive procedures -internal diseases -trauma |
| 3 things to monitor for pain | -favourable response to analgesia -behavioural changes associates with pain -the presence of one or more clinical signs without other explanations |
| whenever possible, pain should be controlled by ______ __________ analgesia | pre-emptive |
| why are analgesics given before a painful procedure | to reduce sensation of nociceptors and decrease the severity and duration of post operative pain |
| failure to control pain may impair _________ and increase ____________ time | healing, recovery |
| what are the 4 places pain can be controlled along the pain pathway | 1. peripherally at the receptor site by removing cause (NSAIDS) 2. perpherially at the receptor site by preventing neural transmission from nerves to spine (analgesics) 3. centrally by blocking transmission 4. centrally by physiological level (care) |
| what can be used to alleviate mild or low grade pain? (6 things) | Nutraceuticals NSAIDS Opioids Alpha-2-agonists Local analgesics Tender loving care |
| what is arthritis generally treated with long-term | glucosamine |
| what do NSAIDS do | interfere with bodies inflammatory responses which trigger pain and swelling |
| what species has a risk of developing gastrointestinal and blood clotting problems from NSAIDS | Cats |
| the combinations of opioids and NSAIDS are excellent for? | moderate to severe orthopedic procedures and soft tissue injury where inflammation is a factor |
| opioids are contradicted in patients with.... | intracranial hypertension |
| "respiration" is equal to... | ventilation plus gas diffusion |
| what does hydrothorax mean | fluid arounds the lungs |
| what does pneumothorax mean | air around the lungs |
| the causes of respiration problems (5 things) | -airway obstruction -non functioning lungs -hydrothorax/pneumothorax -impaired circulatory system -shunts |
| 6 symptoms of dyspnea | -mouth breathing (not panting) -wheezing -coughing -tachypnea -will not lie down -muddy/bluish MM |
| what is paradoxical pattern | the chest moves out on expiration and in on inspiration |
| if the lungs are filling with fluid they will fill on the _____ ______ if animal is in _________ recumbency | down side, lateral |
| what does a anaerobic metabolism cause? | rapid depletion of energy and accumulation of lactic acid within cells leading to cellular dysfunction and death |
| 4 indications for oxygen therapy | -hypoxemia -decreased oxygen delivery -increased oxygen demand -head trauma |
| treatment for respiratory problems | GIVE OXYGEN |
| true or false: 100% oxygen can cause harm to the animal short term | false |
| how to remove fluid or air from the lungs | aspirated from around the lungs via a chest drain, or forgien body cleared from the airway |
| if an obstruction from the airway cannot be removed a emergency ___________ may be required | tracheostomy |
| 9 causes of discomfort | -improper room temp -insufficient bedding -soiled cage -limited or no access to facilities for elimination -parasitic infection -unclean skin -inadequate size of cage -bandages slip -catheters/equipment |
| 5 signs of discomfort | -panting -lack of self-grooming -decreased appetite -restlessness -abnormal body posture |
| 6 ways to treat discomfort of the animal | -cleaning soiled cages immediately -visits from owners -quiet surroundings -keep skin clean and dry -make sure bandages are not rubbing/chafing -familiar food |
| under normal circumstances how many hours a day to adult dogs require | 11 hours |
| cats should spend how long sleeping/resting | about half of their day or more resting |
| 5 things that interfere with rest | -too noisy -anxiety/fear -pain -discomfort -disruptions from caregivers |
| 5 things you can do/monitoring rest and activity | -if an animal is upset at the presence of other animals, move them -visitors from owners encourage activity -group treatments to reduce the disturbance times -physical therapy -sedate certain animals is they cannot rest adequately |
| loss of appetite may be an early indicator of what? | animal is unwell and should be immediately noted |
| when not eating _______ processes can start within a number of hours not days | catabolic |
| 6 causes of inappetence | -anorexia from systemic disease -weakness -oral/esophageal disease -pain -stress -fever |
| treatment of inappetence (example for each) | -stimulating appetite (wipe food on mouth) -force feeding (bolus) -tube feeding (tube in esophagus) -parenteral feeding (IV) |
| what is a TPN diet? | -total parenteral nutrition, all. nutrition is provided through a large vein (check or neck) |
| what is a PPN diet? | -peripheral parenteral nutrition, only a portion of the patients nutrition is provided from an IV diet (small vein) |
| causes of waste excretion abnormalities | -obstructed urinary tract -ruptured bladder -inadequate nervous control -inadequate facilities - pain |
| 5 reasons why an animal may be constipated or diarrheic | -diet, disease, blockage, confinement, medications |
| unexplained changes in feces may indicate what | gastrointestinal dysfunction |
| what is the normal urine output | 1-2 ml/kg body weight/hour |
| urine assessment should include | colour, smell, clarity |
| feces assessment should include | colour, frequency, mucus, blood, parasites, foreign bodies |
| treatment for urination and deification abnormalities depend on what | the cause |
| causes for lack of socialization | -necessity for isolation -fear -boredom -busy staff -confinement |
| what to monitor for when watching socialization in animals | -stereotypical behaviours that indicate boredom -depression/dullness -cowering/aggression -tense/restless |
| 7 treatments for lack of socialization | -grooming, petting, owner visits, toys, exercise, contact with staff other than treatment time, contact with others of same species |
| dogs and cats require how much fluid a day | 50 ml/kg body weight/day |
| what does obtunded mean? | to dull or lessen the. main of something |
Created by:
jscott41
Popular Veterinary sets