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H+D Lecture 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Louis Pasteur | developed a way to neutralize bacteria in food (pasteurization); developed vaccine for rabies by using an attenuated rabbit rabies virus |
| vaccines | antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity; are not cure-alls or forms of treatments |
| qualities of a good vaccine | provides lasting immunity, free from adverse side effects (mild ones are acceptable), stable over long periods of time, inexpensive to produce, easy to administer |
| live attenuated/modified live vaccine | produced by using a weakened preparation of the organism, one vaccine may be effective for life, storage and stability more difficult than other vaccines |
| killed/inactivated vaccine | consists of either whole or fractions of pathogen that have been killed, produces a weaker response that MLV, can't cause disease in patient, more stable for storage than MLV |
| subunit vaccine | made from a piece of a pathogen, cannot create disease in patient, more expensive to produce |
| adjuvants | substance added to a vaccine to increase the immune response in a patient given a killed vaccine; may contain a slight irritant so antigen will be recognized, associated with vaccine-associated sarcomas |
| mRNA vaccines | contains RNA that induces patient to produce a specific type of protein that is unique to the virus, can be produced quickly, will not cause disease in patient |
| viral vector vaccine | use a harmless virus to deliver genetic code of the antigen you want the immune system to fight; produces a strong immune response, cannot produce disease |
| toxoid/antitoxin vaccine | uses inactivated toxins to target the toxic activity created by the pathogen; toxoid: produces artificial active immunity, antitoxin: produces passive active immunity |
| monovalent | immunizes against a single antigen or pathogen |
| multivalent/polyvalent | immunizes against several diseases or against several strains of a virus |
| autogenous bacterin | custom vaccines that consist of herd-specific antigens |
| vaccine administration | injection, intranasal, oral, aerosol, food/water |
| when to vaccinate newborns | small animals 6-8 weeks, livestock not until 6 months |
| apparent vaccine failure | animal was already incubating the disease, animal is immune compromised |
| real failure | improper handling, improper storage, improper administration, outdated vaccine |
| hypersensitivity reactions | under certain circumstances, hosts's protections mechanisms can be harmful; mast cells release histamine (causes redness, itchiness, hives, swelling) |
| anaphylaxis | extreme allergic reaction, mild allergic reactions are usually treated with steroids or antihistamines; anaphylactic reactions may require epinephrine |
Created by:
mkroon26
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