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H+D Lecture 4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
sequence of the immune reaction | foreign antigen enter, phagocytic WBCs make first attack, lymphocytes are produced, plasma cells at lymph node produce specific antibodies, antibodies are released into circulation to bind to antigen and neutralize it |
how do foreign antigens enter? | respiratory system, mucous membranes, open wound, sexual contact, etc. |
phagocytes | part of the innate immune system, works using phagocytosis |
phagocytosis | damaged tissues release chemicals that draw WBCs to site of infection, phagocytes move into damaged tissue, pathogen engulfed via cellular extensions, vesicle is fused to lysosome and pathogen is digested |
t-cells | directly attacks the cell containing the pathogen and kills it (cytotoxic t-cells and regulatory t-cells) |
b-cells | produces antibodies for specific pathogens |
plasma cells | specialized b-cells created in the lymph node/spleen after antigen information is delivered; ability to secrete large amounts of antibodies in response to specific antigens |
antibodies | protect by: neutralization, opsonization, activation |
memory cells | specialized form of b-cells, capable of producing specific antibodies whenever body is challenged again |
inflammation | reaction that occurs in the blood vessels and adjacent tissue in response to injury or stimulation by a physical, chemical, or biological agent |
anamnestic response | reappearance of antibodies in the blood after introduction of an antigen that the body had previously developed an immune response to |