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VT204 Quiz 1
| Incisors | small teeth in rostral portion of mouth, make the small first bite, picking up small pieces |
| Canines | anterior-most teeth in maxillary bone, huge tooth, can only see about 40% of the tooth, evolves from wolves (carnivores) |
| Premolars | caudal part of mouth, for chopping and cutting up meat in a carnivore, have 2 or 3 roots |
| Molars | caudal part of mouth, flat teeth for grinding & crushing, have 1 to 3 roots |
| Carnassial teeth | upper 4th premolar (PM4) & lower 1st molar (M1), have extensive roots, major chewing teeth, most frequently fractured, specialized carnivorous teeth for shearing muscle & bone |
| Do all mammals have deciduous teeth? | Yes, all mammals have deciduous aka "baby" or "milk" teeth |
| Does every deciduous tooth have a corresponding adult tooth? | No, upper right canine tooth is 104 in adult, but the deciduous tooth is 504 |
| Do puppies, kittens, and foals have deciduous molars? | No |
| In dogs and cats when do deciduous teeth shed? | Most shed by 7 months old. |
| Review directional terms: | Mesial - front of midline Distal - caudal end of midline Palatal - towards inside of the hard palate Lingual - inner surfaces on the lower jaw Buccal - towards the cheek Labial - towards the lips |
| At-home preventative care for teeth: | Brushing, toothpaste, diets, chews, wipes, water/food additives |
| How many times a week should teeth be brushed? | At least 4 times a week, ideally once daily (plaque and tartar will still accumulate, but more slowly) |
| How to brush teeth: | 1 minute per day (15 seconds per quadrant), +/- veterinary toothpaste, focus on brushing outer surfaces |
| Why shouldn't you use human toothpaste on your animal? | Contains fluoride. It is an anticavity, but can't be swallowed |
| Why should you use veterinary toothpaste? | Flouride free and contains anti-plaque enzymes |
| Can you use children's toothpaste since it is fluoride free? | No, it contains Xylitol which is an artificial sweetener. It causes hypoglycemia +/- acute liver failure in dogs |
| How do I know I can trust a product? | Veterinary Oral Health Council |
| Why are veterinary dental cleanings needed outside of home care? | Professional anesthetized veterinary dental cleanings are needed to remove tartar (calculus) above and below the gum line |
| How fast does plaque turn into tartar? | After 48-72 hours. Once mineralized, brushing (& other at-home products) will not be significantly effective |
| Basic skull anatomy: | Mandible: lower jaw Angular process: back of lower jaw Maxilla: upper jaw Zygomatic arch: cheek bone Orbit: seperates eye from cranial cavity |
| Oral anatomy: | Nasal cavity Hard palate Soft palate Epiglottis Tonsil Tongue Larynx Trachea Esophagus |
| Muscles of mastication: | Temporalis (most important for dogs, by ears) - attaches from the sagittal crest to the coronoid process Masseter - attaches from the zygomatic arch to the ramus and angular process Digastricus (under jaw) - attaches from the occipital bone to mandible |
| Cephalic Index | the ratio of the max. width of the head, to its max. length |
| Brachycephalic | shortened cephalic index (pugs, bulldogs, boxers, etc.) |
| Mesocephalic | intermediate length and width (labs, german shepherds, beagle, etc.) All deviations from mesocephalic can predispose to periodontal disease! |
| Dolichocephalic | lengthened; width is less than 75-80% length (greyhound, dachshund, whippets etc.) |
| Feline brachycephaly breeds: | persians, himalayans, exotic shorthairs |
| Issues related to feline brachycephaly: | dental, respiratory, GI, neurologic, ocular |
| What is enamel? | white part of teeth we can see, mineralized (contains no living tissue), Ca hydroxyapatite crystals (very dense - hardest tissue in the body, but brittle), produced by ameloblasts, only 1 mm thick in most species (human enamal is much thicker) |
| Where is enamel found? | Only on the crown |
| What is dentin? | between enamel & pulp, Ca hydroxyapatite, water, collage, living tissue, forms small tubules (allows fluid exchange & sensation & allows pulp to feel external stimuli) |
| What is dentin produced by? | Odontoblasts, they continue to remodel dentin Primary: first dentin formed during development Secondary: formed during growth & remodeling Tertiary: emergency/repair dentin |
| What is pulp? | where blood supply & nerve supply are to keep the tooth alive. Innermost layer of tooth, living tissue, composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels & nerves. Pulp cavity, root canal, & apical delta/apical foramen |
| Periodontium: | living structures that surround & support the tooth |
| Cementum: | denser than bone, anchor between the tooth & the periodontal ligament, capable of repairing itself |
| Periodontal ligament: | attaches to the alveolar bone to cementum. It cushions the tooth & acts as a shock absorber. Good blood & nerve supply. |
| Alveolus: | bony tooth socket in jaw. between teeth=interproximal space, between roots of a tooth=furcation |
| Types of gingiva: | attached gingiva, free gingiva, gingival sulcus, & cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) |
| Attached gingiva: | firm "gum" tissue at base of tooth adhered tightly to alveolar bone |
| Free gingiva: | leading edge of the gingiva that laps over the tooth creating the gingival sulcus |
| Gingival sulcus: | crevice between free gingiva that laps over the tooth creating the gingival sulcus. 0-3 mm in healthy dog, 0-1 mm in healthy cat. Bottom is formed by epithelial fibers that adhere attached gingiva to the tooth at the tooth neck (CEJ) |
| Cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) | Important indicator of periodontal health |
| Coronal: | in the direction of the tip of the crown |
| Apical: | in the direction of the tip (apex) of the root |
| Furcation: | in space between the roots of the same tooth |
| Apical delta: | branches or canals at the tip of the root |
| Modified triadan system identification: | 100, 200, 300, 400 |
| Anatomic system identification: | Left/right, maxillary vs mandibular, # of tooth type, & tooth type |
Created by:
emilywalburn
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