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Societal groups
Humanities 1301
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Humans are | Social |
| First understanding of what it means to be human comes from | Our family |
| Culture | Practices, values, beliefs, passed down through generations |
| Types of societal groups | Bands, tribes, chiefdoms, States |
| Anthropological and genetic evidence | All humans came from Africa |
| Why migrate? | Better opportunities |
| Guns, germs, and steel | Argues geography influences societal development |
| The Dawn of everything | Argues that complex social arrangements are found in every society |
| Paleolithic bands | Nomadic hunter gatherers, divided stuff according to needs, temporary tyrants to lead the groups in times of need, conflicts usually resolved socially |
| Religion | How humans make sense of the world, often animistic (nature have spiritual power), preform rituals to bond and have agency |
| Abstract thinking | Ability to imagine and picture things that haven’t happened |
| Artifacts | Anything made by people |
| Agricultural revolution | Moved to neolithic age, semi permanent to permanent structures, domestication of plants & animals |
| Neolithic tribes | · agriculture · family groups (clans) · small-scale farming/domestication - subsistence agriculture everyone that could work, did - Pastoral (tied to land and homes) · Big man/woman Cyclical view of time |
| Reciprocity | Economy where everyone looks out for each other for their mutual benefit, no idea of private property |
| Surpluses and movement to chiefdoms | Surplus: more than enough food produced Leftovers are stored Populations expand Chiefdom: few freed from agricultural labor to rule Real hierarchies begin Expanding population calls for formal leadership |
| Chiefdoms | Developed in Fertile Crescent Thousands of population Centralized gov (most times hereditary) Concept if private property More stuff = more wealth Chief receives tribute and redistributes |
| Bureaucracy | System for organizing the function of of a society Divide up labor No one person can be in charge of all aspects of a society Chief relies on those below him to manage day to day affairs |
| Luxury good | Shows status Comfortable/appealing Often came through trading |
| Civilization | City-states/cities Over 50,000 people Most don’t do agricultural labor Specialized trades to make a living Sell goods in marketplace Permanent houses More food = more people |
| Civilization cont. | Complex bureaucracy Tributes replaced by taxes Conflict resolved by laws Large scale trading Public works Literary elites Conquest Class systems |
| Collapse | Demonstrable change in a society Society breaks up, decreases in pop, or reverses in development The society that continues adapts to changes |
| Causes of collapse | Overpopulation = leads to famine Deforestation = bad for ecosystem Overuse of resources = scarcity Introduction of invasive species/diseases Cultural inflexibility -> denial Environmental change Wars |
Created by:
1763
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