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Vet262

All 21 Drugs For the Practical

TermDefinition
acepromazine - phenothiazine tranquilizer - > anti-arrhythmic, anti-emetic, tranquilizer > slow onset, long duration, no analgesia > combined w/ IM ketamine to reduce muscle rigidity > boxers and boxer crossbreeds
dexmedetomidine - alpha 2 agonist - > reversible by atipamezole, sedative, analgesic > decreased cardiac output, bradycardia, arrhythmias > pre-anesthetic sedation/medication > non-insulin dependent diabetes
hydromorphone SCHEDULE II - mu receptor agonist opioid analgesic - > relieves severe pain, sedation, anti-tussive > panting, vocalization/euphoria, nausea/vomiting > sedation > caution in patients w/ head injuries
butorphanol SCHEDULE IV - mu receptor antagonist/kappa receptor agonist - > doesn't induce vomiting, minimal organ toxicity, sedation > mild respiratory depression, short duration, mild-moderate pain > pre-anesthetic sedation > previous allergy to opioids
buprenorphine SCHEDULE III - partial mu receptor agonist opioid analgesic - > long duration, doesn't induce vomiting, minimal organ toxicity > mild respiratory depression, slow onset, abnormal behavior > pre-anesthetic sedation > previous allergy to opioids
ketamine SCHEDULE III - dissociative anesthetic agent - > sympathetic stimulant, rapid onset, analgesic > pain on injection, stimulates salivation, seizurogenic > IM chemical restraint > patients w/ shock
alfaxalone SCHEDULE IV - neuroactive steroid/hypnotic anesthetic agent - > versatile, little-no cardiovascular effects, slow onset > respiratory depression, apnea, agitated recovery > brief sedation > use w/out proper premed
midazolam SCHEDULE IV - benzodiazepine hypnotic sedative - > sedation, muscle relaxation, versatile > excitation in young/healthy patients, arrhythmias, no analgesia > treatment of seizures > patients w/ portosystemic shunts
telazol (tiletamine + zolazepam) SCHEDULE III - phencyclidine derivative + benzodiazepine - > sympathetic stimulant, rapid onset, analgesic > pain on injection, stimulates salivation, seizurogenic > IM chemical restraint > patients w/ shock
propofol SCHEDULE IV in some states - phenol hypnotic anesthetic agent - > rapid onset, smooth recovery, anti-emetic > bradycardia, no analgesia, respiratory depression > IV induction/maintenance > mild/moderate cardiac disease/organ dysfunction
isoflurane - halogenated ether inhalant anesthetic agent - > titrated, muscle relaxation, rapid recovery > dose dependent respiratory depression/cardiac contractility, vasodilation > maintenance of anesthesia > familial history of malignant hyperthermia
atipamezole - alpha 2 receptor antagonist - > reverses sedation/cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine > reverses analgesia of dexmedetomidine, CNS excitation > dexmedetomidine reversal agent > presence of severe pain
naloxone - partial opioid receptor antagonist - > reverses CNS/respiratory depressant effects of opioids > reverses analgesia of opioids, arrhythmias, short duration > opioid reversal agent > presence of pain
carprofen - cox 1 sparing, cox 2 selective inhibitor NSAID - > relief from post-op pain + pain/inflammation of osteoarthritis > hepatocellular damage, renal disease, vomiting/diarrhea > post-op pain relief > dogs w/ bleeding disorders
meloxicam - cox 2 selective inhibitor NSAID - > analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory > GI ulcerations, gastric mucosal damage, liver enzyme elevation > post-op pain management > significant renal/hepatic impairment
robenacoxib - cox 2 selective inhibitor NSAID - > analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory > GI ulcerations, gastric mucosal damage, liver enzyme elevation > post-op pain management > significant renal/hepatic impairment
atropine - anti-muscarinic anti-cholinergic agent - > rapid onset, brief duration, reduces salivation > mydriasis, tachycardia, decreased GI motility > treatment of bradycardia > pre-existing tachycardia
doxapram - CNS/respiratory stimulant - > stimulates respirations during/after anesthesia + in newborns > arrhythmias, hypertension, seizures > treatment of respiratory depression > severe hyperthyroidism
epinephrine - alpha and beta adrenergic receptor agonist - > rapid cardiac stimulation/vasoconstriction/bronchodilation > arrhythmogenic > CPR > ventricular fibrillation
lidocaine - anti-arrhythmic local anesthetic agent - > local/topical anesthetic, anti-arrhythmic, enhances GI motility > toxic/adverse cardiovascular effects (prolonged CRI in cats) > epidurally for regional anesthesia > as a CRI in cats
dexamethasone - glucocorticoid - > long duration, 30x more potent than hydrocortisone > cushingoid syndrome, many drug interactions, GI complications > treatment of shock > concurrent use with NSAIDs
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